Small Cell Lung Cancer

Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent oral active multikinase inhibitor. Sorafenib blocks autophosphorylation and activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) and RAF family kinases, thereby suppressing the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, and selectively inhibiting the MAPK pathway in cancer cells. Sorafenib induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and PARP cleavage, reduces Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cyclin D1 levels, and activates Bak and Bax. Sorafenib inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in mouse and rat models. Sorafenib can be used for cancer research, such as colon, breast, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian, pancreatic, melanoma, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Deruxtecan is an ADC drug-linker conjugate composed of an DX-8951 derivative (DXd) and a maleimide-GGFG peptide linker, used for synthesizing Trastuzumab deruxtecan (HY-138298A) and Patritumab deruxtecan (HY-P99813).

Valproic acid (VPA) is an orally active HDAC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ in the range of 0.5 and 2 mM. Valproic acid inhibits HDAC1 (IC₅₀, 400 μM), and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. Valproic acid activates Notch1 signaling and inhibits proliferation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Valproic acid is used in the epilepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic disease, HIV infection and prevention of migraine headaches.

Panobinostat (LBH589; NVP-LBH589) is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor, and has antineoplastic activities. Panobinostat induces HIV-1 virus production even at low concentration range 8-31 nM, stimulates HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells. Panobinostat induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.

Tarlatamab (AMG-757) is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3). DLL3 is a target that is selectively expressed in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, but with minimal normal tissue expression. Tarlatamab has the K_Ds of 0.64 nM and 0.50 nM for human and nonhuman primate (NHP) DLL3, respectively. Tarlatamab has the K_Ds of 14.9 nM and 12 nM for human and NHP CD3, respectively. Tarlatamab is a first-in-class HLE BiTE immuno-oncology therapy targeting DLL3 and has the potential for SCLC research.

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) disodium is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate disodium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate disodium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate disodium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate disodium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism.

MRT-2359 is an orally active and selective GSPT1 molecular glue degrader, with a DC₅₀ of 5 nM. MRT-2359 induces CRBN/GSPT1 ternary complex formation to drive CRBN- and degron-dependent proteasomal GSPT1 degradation, with selectivity for wild-type GSPT1 over the GSPT1^G575N mutant. MRT-2359 disrupts protein translation, induces ribosome stalling, downregulates MYC family proteins and their transcriptional output, reduces proliferation, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. MRT-2359 can be used for the research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), neuroendocrine lung cancer, high grade neuroendocrine cancers, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, and MYC-driven solid tumors.

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) trisodium is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate trisodium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate trisodium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate trisodium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate trisodium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism.

Sodium chloride, for cell culture is an orally active salt. Sodium chloride, for cell culture induces the expression of ATP1A1. Sodium chloride, for cell culture induces the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNFα, IL-9 and several chemokines. Sodium chloride, for cell culture enhances the anti-tumor activities of Digoxin (HY-B1049) against small cell lung cancer. Sodium chloride, for cell culture drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells.

Rovalpituzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against delta-like protein 3 (DLL3). Rovalpituzumab can be used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), Rovalpituzumab Tesirine. Rovalpituzumab has activity against small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

AU-24118 is an orally active PROTAC degrader that recruits cereblon to target the degradation of SMARCA2, SMARCA4 and PBRM1. AU-24118 impairs the chromatin accessibility of oncogenic transcription factors, inhibits colony formation, dislodges chromatin-bound transcription factors, attenuates downstream signal transduction, induces apoptosis, and exerts antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects. AU-24118 can be used in research related to castration-resistant prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, small cell lung cancer and multiple myeloma (including the t (4;14) subtype).

Aldoxorubicin (INNO-206) is an albumin-binding proagent of Doxorubicin (DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor), which is released from albumin under acidic conditions. Aldoxorubicin (INNO-206) has potent antitumor activities in various cancer cell lines and in murine tumor models.

Toripalimab is a selective, recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody against PD-1. Toripalimab is able to bind to PD-1 and block the interaction with its ligands. Toripalimab has exhibited primary anti-tumor effects in tumors such as melanoma, lung cancer, digestive tract tumors, hepatobiliary and pancreatic tumors, neuroendocrine neoplasms, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma.

Sorafenib-d₃ (Donafenib) is the deuterated-labeled Sorafenib (HY-10201). Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent oral active multikinase inhibitor. Sorafenib blocks autophosphorylation and activity of receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) and RAF family kinases, thereby suppressing the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, and selectively inhibiting the MAPK pathway in cancer cells. Sorafenib induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, apoptosis, and PARP cleavage, reduces Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, cyclin D1 levels, and activates Bak and Bax. Sorafenib inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in mouse and rat models. Sorafenib can be used for cancer research, such as colon, breast, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian, pancreatic, melanoma, colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a first-generation histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-cholinergic effect. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride can across the ovine blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Pulrodemstat (CC-90011) benzenesulfonate is a potent, selective, reversible and orally active inhibitor of lysine specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) with an IC₅₀ of 0.25 nM. Pulrodemstat benzenesulfonate is less enzymatic inhibition against LSD2, MAO-A, and MAO-B. Pulrodemstat benzenesulfonate induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells differentiation and has potent anticancer activity.

Acetazolamide sodium is a carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 30 nM for hCA IX. Acetazolamide sodium has diuretic, antihypertensive and anti-gonococcal activities.

Fenoldopam (SKF-82526) mesylate is a selective dopamine D₁ receptor agonist. Fenoldopam mesylate binds to rat D₁B dopamine receptors (K_d = 11 nM) and human D₁A receptors (K_d = 17 nM) in COS-7 cell membranes expressing the cloned receptors. Fenoldopam mesylate modulates dopamine receptor expression, induces vasorelaxation in vascular tissues, reverses glomerular hyperfiltration in rat models, increases intracellular cAMP levels, promotes DARPP-32 phosphorylation in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells, inhibits cytokine secretion, and downregulates T cell activation markers in activated human T cells. Fenoldopam mesylate can be used for research on hypertension, acute kidney injury, psoriasis, and small cell lung cancer.

Fludrocortisone (9α-Fludrocortisone) is an orally active mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Fludrocortisone suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, reduces CCL2, IL-6, IL-8 levels, upregulates mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression, induces PI3K/Akt, GSK-3β, CREB, ERK1/2, mTOR phosphorylation, blocks Tau hyperphosphorylation, prevents apoptosis, promotes survival and proliferation, enhances renal sodium and water transport, increases plasma volume and blood pressure, reduces plasma potassium and renin activity, stimulates erythropoietin expression, modulates uterine receptivity genes, and reverses PP242-induced MUC1 upregulation. Fludrocortisone can be used for the research of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, postural hypotension, and adrenal insufficiency.

ABBV-706 is a SEZ6-targeted topoisomerase 1 inhibitor Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs), which is composed of the Linker-Payload conjugation (HY-148820) and the Anti-SEZ6 Antibody (SC17) (HY-P991041). ABBV-706 can inhibit cancer cells proliferation and induce DNA damage and G2/M arrest. ABBV-706 exhibits high efficacy against small cell lung cancer (SCLC), neuroendocrine tumors (NENs) and central nervous system (CNS) tumors.