Guanosine

Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Guanosine possesses anti-HSV activity.

2’-Deoxyguanosine (Deoxyguanosine) is a purine nucleoside with a variety of biological activities. 2’-Deoxyguanosine can induce DNA division in mouse thymus cells. 2’-Deoxyguanosine is a potent cell division inhibitor in plant cells.

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine is a nucleoside analogue that can be incorporated into de novo-synthesized telomeres by telomerase.

7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine (MESG) is a chromogenic substrate that can be converted to 7-methyl-6-thioguanine in the presence of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and inorganic phosphate. 7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine can be used to quantify inorganic phosphate. 7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine can also be used to determine the activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and protein phosphatases.

8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is a critical biomarker of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis.

2'-O-Methylguanosine is a modified nucleoside produced in tRNAs by the action of tRNA guanosine-2’-O-methyltransferase. 2'-O-Methylguanosine results in apoptotic changes of cells.

2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate is a nucleoside composed of guanine and 2'-deoxyribose, and it is one of the basic structural units of DNA. The oxidation products of 2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate may participate in DNA damage, which in turn may affect gene expression or induce cancer.

N2-Methylguanosine is a commonly modified nucleoside in rRNA and tRNA, with specific distributions in both E. coli rRNA and eukaryotic tRNA. N2-Methylguanosine can be found in urine. N2-Methylguanosine affects the structure and stability of RNA.

6-Thioguanosine (6-Mercaptoguanosine), an active nucleoside, is an Azathioprine metabolite. 6-Thioguanosine has immunosuppressive effects.

2′-O,4′-C-Methyleneguanosine (LNA-G) is a reverse guanine analog, where LNA (locked nucleic acid) is a nucleic acid analog. LNA modification can be widely used in various fields, such as effective binding affinity with complementary sequences and stronger nuclease resistance than natural nucleotides, providing great potential for application in disease diagnosis and research. 2'-O,4'-C-Methyleneguanosine is a substrate for KOD DNA polymerase, which incorporates LNA-G nucleotides into growing DNA strands, including consecutive incorporations , to generate full-length extension products.

8-Bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine is an inflammation-related DNA halogenated adduct and an early biomarker of inflammation-induced oxidative tissue damage. The formation of 8-Bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine precedes that of oxidative and nitrative products, and it can be generated via the MPO-H₂O₂-Cl^--Br^- system. 8-Bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine serves as the immunogen for preparing the monoclonal antibody mAb8B3, which can be used to detect early DNA modifications in preclinical models; its urinary level also increases significantly in inflammatory disease models. 8-Bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine can also be produced in the dermis of UV-B irradiated mice, and the extract of Coprinus comatus significantly reduces its level. 8-Bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine finds applications in studies related to inflammatory diseases, diabetes, hepatocellular carcinoma, and UV-B induced skin inflammation.

6-Chloroguanineriboside (6-Chloroguanosine) is a purine nucleoside analog. 6-Chloroguanineriboside has extremely low affinity for guanosine binding sites in rat brain (K_i: 253.1 μM).

iBu-rG (N-Isobutyrylguanosine) is a nucleoside compound that can be used to synthesize oligoribonucleotides.

O6-Methyldeoxy guanosine; DNA adduct is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc.

Tryptamine guanosine carbamate (TpGc) is a selective HINT1 (histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1) inhibitor (K_i=34 μM, K_d=3.65 μM). Tryptamine guanosine carbamate significantly enhances morphine antinociception while preventing the development of tolerance.

8-Bromoguanosine is a purine nucleoside, a brominated derivative of guanosine. 8-Bromoguanosine can reduce the conformational heterogeneity of RNA to enhance its function.

N2-Isobutyryl-2'-O-methylguanosine is a nucleic acid synthesis intermediate (e.g., used in antisense oligonucleotides, mRNA modification), for example, it is a key monomer for the synthesis of 2'-O-methyl oligoribonucleotides. N2-Isobutyryl-2'-O-methylguanosine enables the final product to form stable double strands with complementary RNA and is not easily degraded by nucleases. N2-Isobutyryl-2'-O-methylguanosine is mainly used in molecular biology research, and can be used to prepare RNA hybridization probes or participate in related biochemical research such as pre-mRNA splicing mechanisms.

2’-Deoxy-N1-methylguanosine is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc.

3′-Deoxyguanosine (Guanosine, 3'-deoxy-) is a derivative of Guanosine (HY-N0097). 3′-Deoxyguanosine interacts with human purine nucleoside phosphorylase via hydrogen bonding with residues such as Glu201 and Asn243. 3′-Deoxyguanosine exhibits moderate displacement activity for [³H]-guanosine in rat meninges. 3′-Deoxyguanosine is useful for studying the mechanism of guanosine receptors and purine metabolism.

2′-O-Methyl-8-methyl guanosine (m8Gm) is a Z-form RNA stabilizer. 2′-O-Methyl-8-methyl guanosine can markedly stabilize the Z-RNA at low salt conditions. m8Gm-contained oligonucleotides stabilize the Z-DNA under low salt conditions.