2. Disease Areas
  3. Neurological, Eye or Ear Disease
  4. Neurodegenerative Disease
  5. Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's Disease

Parkinsonism is characterized by bradykinesia plus at least one of the following: rest tremor, rigidity, or postural instability, and represents a clinical syndrome seen in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD), among others. While bradykinesia is the core feature across these conditions, patients often exhibit additional motor and nonmotor symptoms. The term "extrapyramidal" is outdated and imprecise, as it inaccurately implies involvement outside the pyramidal system, and its use is discouraged in scientific literature and movement disorder journals.

References:

Parkinson's Disease (1898):

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0627
    Metformin 657-24-9 99.98%
    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
    Metformin
  • HY-100941
    CCCP 555-60-2 99.83%
    CCCP is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler. CCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.
    CCCP
  • HY-B1756
    Rotenone 83-79-4 99.9%
    Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
    Rotenone
  • HY-10181
    Dasatinib 302962-49-8 99.85%
    Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is a highly potent, ATP competitive, orally active dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitor with potent antitumor activity. The Kis are 16 pM and 30 pM for Src and Bcr-Abl, respectively. Dasatinib inhibits Bcr-Abl and Src with IC50s of <1.0 nM and 0.5 nM, respectively. Dasatinib also induces apoptosis and autophagy, and can cross the blood-brain barrier.
    Dasatinib
  • HY-12041
    SP600125 129-56-6 99.55%
    SP600125 is an orally active, reversible, and ATP-competitive JNK inhibitor with IC50s of 40, 40 and 90 nM for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3, respectively. SP600125 is a potent ferroptosis inhibitor. SP600125 induces the transformation of bladder cancer cells from autophagy to apoptosis.
    SP600125
  • HY-W007551
    1-Aminoindan 34698-41-4 99.29%
    1-Aminoindan (1-Indanamine) is a Rasagiline (HY-14605A) metabolite. 1-aminoindan is shown to bind directly to α-Syn, thereby promoting a neuroprotective “loop” conformation that attenuates the α-Syn misfolding and aggregation. 1-Aminoindan is shown to be neuroprotective. 1-Aminoindan can be used in the research of Parkinson's disease.
    1-Aminoindan
  • HY-182811
    AT-051/43421517 1241957-37-8
    AT-051/43421517 is a cytoprotective agent and apoptosis inhibitor that binds to human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (hPgk1). AT-051/43421517 protects cells from rotenone-induced cell death without inducing cell proliferation. AT-051/43421517 can be used for the research of parkinson’s disease.
    AT-051/43421517
  • HY-160906
    Glutathione trisulfide 32607-79-7
    Glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG) is a potent neuroprotective agent with anti-inflammatory activity. Glutathione trisulfide prevents the LPS (HY-D1056)-induced inflammatory gene expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells, which is mediated through hyperactivation of ERK signaling, independent of the NRF2/HMOX1 pathway. Glutathione trisulfide can be used for neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic spinal cord injury (SCI) research.
    Glutathione trisulfide
  • HY-12040
    Elesclomol 488832-69-5 99.43%
    Elesclomol (STA-4783) is a potent copper ionophore and promotes copper-dependent cell death (cuproptosis). Elesclomol specifically binds ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) α2/α3 helices and β5 strand. Elesclomol inhibits FDX1-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Elesclomol is an oxidative stress inducer that induces cancer cell apoptosis. Elesclomol is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. Elesclomol can be used for Menkes and associated disorders of hereditary copper deficiency research.
    Elesclomol
  • HY-13520
    Nocodazole 31430-18-9 99.59%
    Nocodazole (Oncodazole) is a rapidly-reversible inhibitor of microtubule. Nocodazole binds to β-tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics, which prevents mitosis and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Nocodazole inhibits Bcr-Abl.
    Nocodazole
  • HY-15608
    MPTP hydrochloride 23007-85-4 99.91%
    MPTP hydrochloride is a brain penetrant dopaminergic neurotoxin. MPTP hydrochloride can be used to induce Parkinson’s Disease model. MPTP hydrochloride, a precusor of MPP+, induces apoptosis. MPTP hydrochloride has been verified by MCE with professional biological experiments.
    MPTP hydrochloride
  • HY-W008719
    MPP+ iodide 36913-39-0 99.96%
    MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT).
    MPP+ iodide
  • HY-15463
    Imatinib 152459-95-5 99.95%
    Imatinib (STI571) is an orally bioavailable tyrosine kinases inhibitor that selectively inhibits BCR/ABL, v-Abl, PDGFR and c-kit kinase activity. Imatinib (STI571) works by binding close to the ATP binding site, locking it in a closed or self-inhibited conformation, therefore inhibiting the enzyme activity of the protein semicompetitively. Imatinib also is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
    Imatinib
  • HY-15475
    UK-5099 56396-35-1 99.95%
    UK-5099 (PF-1005023) is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). UK-5099 (PF-1005023) inhibits pyruvate-dependent O2 consumption with an IC50 of 50 nM.
    UK-5099
  • HY-17471A
    Metformin hydrochloride 1115-70-4 99.98%
    Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
    Metformin hydrochloride
  • HY-100573
    Necrosulfonamide 1360614-48-7 98.61%
    Necrosulfonamide is a MLKL and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) inhibitor, capable of separately inhibiting necroptosis and pyroptosis of cells. Necrosulfonamide does not affect the activation of upstream signals, but specifically inhibits the downstream executor oligomerization step. Necrosulfonamide reduces the expression of the key kinases NLRP3 and caspase-1 involved in necroptosis and pyroptosis, activate the Nrf2 pathway and the downstream antioxidant enzymes, and also downregulates a variety of inflammatory factors. Necrosulfonamide plays significant roles in various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson’s disease), tissue damage and ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis and fracture repair, and hair loss by regulating two important programmed necrosis pathways.
    Necrosulfonamide
  • HY-100714A
    D-AP5 79055-68-8 99.94%
    D-AP5 (D-APV) is a selective and competitive NMDA receptor antagonist with a Kd of 1.4 μM. D-AP5 (D-APV) inhibits the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors.
    D-AP5
  • HY-13319
    JNK-IN-8 1410880-22-6 99.67%
    JNK-IN-8 (JNK Inhibitor XVI) is a potent JNK inhibitor with IC50s of 4.7 nM, 18.7 nM, and 1 nM for JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, respectively.
    JNK-IN-8
  • HY-B1102
    Evans Blue 314-13-6 99.86%
    Evans Blue (Direct Blue 53) is a potent inhibitor of L-glutamate uptake via the membrane bound excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT). Evans Blue is a L-glutamate and kainate receptor-mediated currents inhibitor. Evans Blue has a strong affinity towards serum albumin, making it a high molecular weight protein tracer. Evans Blue is also used to study BBB (blood-brain barrier) permeability.
    Evans Blue
  • HY-Y1750
    β-Aminopropionitrile 151-18-8 99.99%
    β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a specific, irreversible and orally active lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitor. β-Aminopropionitrile targets the active site of LOX or LOXL isoenzymes. β-Aminopropionitrile can be used for the study of obesity.
    β-Aminopropionitrile