1. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  2. Mitochondrial Metabolism
  3. MPP+ iodide

MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT).

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MPP+ iodide Chemical Structure

MPP+ iodide Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 36913-39-0

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of MPP+ iodide:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    MPP+ iodide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurochem Res. 2023 Feb 18.  [Abstract]

    MPP+ iodide (MPP+; 1.2 mM; 48 h) decreases TH, Prdx-2, SIRT1 protein levels and increases the ratio of Bax / Bcl-2, in SH-SY5Y cells.

    MPP+ iodide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurochem Res. 2023 Feb 18.  [Abstract]

    MPP+ iodide (MPP+; 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 2 mM; 48 h) decreases viability of SH-SY5Y cells (Fig D). At a concentration of 0.6 mM, MPP+ iodide decreases the cell viability by 25%. Moreover, the IC50 value of MPP+ iodide on SH-SY5Y cells is 1.233 mM (Fig C).
    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT)[1][2].

    In Vitro

    MPP+ (1-3 mM; 24 hours) remarkably decreases the viability of cells[1].
    ? MPP+ also inhibits the activity of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NADH)-linked respiration in mitochondrial preparations and impairs aerobic glycolysis, leading to the present belief that the inhibition of NADH-linked cell respiration may constitute the final molecular mechanism of MPP+ neurotoxicity[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Cell Viability Assay[1]

    Cell Line: SH-SY5Y cells
    Concentration: 1, 2, 3 mM
    Incubation Time: 24 hours
    Result: SH-SY5Y cells were treated with MPP+, mimicking the progress of dopaminergic neurons loss in PD; Reduced cell viability in both dose-dependent (1, 2, 3 mM for 24 h) and time dependent (1 mM) manner.
    Molecular Weight

    297.14

    Formula

    C12H12IN

    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Light yellow to yellow

    SMILES

    C[N+]1=CC=C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1.[I-]

    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

    Storage

    4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    H2O : 100 mg/mL (336.54 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (336.54 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.3654 mL 16.8271 mL 33.6542 mL
    5 mM 0.6731 mL 3.3654 mL 6.7308 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (8.41 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

      This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.00 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 100 mg/mL (336.54 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

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    (per animal)

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    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.93%

    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / DMSO 1 mM 3.3654 mL 16.8271 mL 33.6542 mL 84.1354 mL
    5 mM 0.6731 mL 3.3654 mL 6.7308 mL 16.8271 mL
    10 mM 0.3365 mL 1.6827 mL 3.3654 mL 8.4135 mL
    15 mM 0.2244 mL 1.1218 mL 2.2436 mL 5.6090 mL
    20 mM 0.1683 mL 0.8414 mL 1.6827 mL 4.2068 mL
    25 mM 0.1346 mL 0.6731 mL 1.3462 mL 3.3654 mL
    30 mM 0.1122 mL 0.5609 mL 1.1218 mL 2.8045 mL
    40 mM 0.0841 mL 0.4207 mL 0.8414 mL 2.1034 mL
    50 mM 0.0673 mL 0.3365 mL 0.6731 mL 1.6827 mL
    60 mM 0.0561 mL 0.2805 mL 0.5609 mL 1.4023 mL
    80 mM 0.0421 mL 0.2103 mL 0.4207 mL 1.0517 mL
    100 mM 0.0337 mL 0.1683 mL 0.3365 mL 0.8414 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    MPP+ iodide Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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