CCCP
Based on 189 publication(s) in Google Scholar
CCCP is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler. CCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.12%
- CAS No.: 555-60-2
- Formula: C9H5ClN4
- Molecular Weight:204.62
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) CCCP
More- Nature. 2019 Nov;575(7782):375-379. [Abstract]
- Cell. 2025 Oct 16;188(21):5962-5979.e22. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2026 Feb 3;38(2):370-387.e10. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. [Abstract]
- Cell Res. 2021 Jun;31(6):703-712. [Abstract]
- Cell Host Microbe. 2025 Jul 9;33(7):1146-1160.e8. [Abstract]
- Bone Res. 2025 Mar 3;13(1):30. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 Jul;22(7):1657-1678. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 Jun 10:1-23. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 May;22(5):1021-1043. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 Jan 1:1-19. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Jul 18:1-21. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Jun;21(6):1228-1244. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Jan;21(1):80-101. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2024 Oct;20(10):2221-2237. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2024 Nov;20(11):2556-2570. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2022 Aug;18(8):1879-1897. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2022 Mar;18(3):643-660. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2021 Nov;17(11):3622-3643. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 16;15(1):8927. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 23;15(1):686. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2025 Jan 14;19(1):1702-1712. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2025 Nov 15:S2090-1232(25)00914-2. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2024 Aug 3:S2090-1232(24)00326-6. [Abstract]
- Neuron. 2026 Mar 11:S0896-6273(26)00086-3. [Abstract]
- Cell Discov. 2025 Mar 11;11(1):22. [Abstract]
- Sci Immunol. 2026 Apr 3;11(118):eaeb6484. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2026 May:92:104132. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2026 Jan 5:89:104008. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2023 Oct:66:102860. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2026 Feb 18;24(1):268. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2020 Mar 18;18(1):52. [Abstract]
- J Clin Invest. 2020 Jun 1;130(6):3253-3269. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Sep 5;37(1):218. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 May 12:e75666. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Apr;13(21):e13341. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 7:e18323. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Apr 13:e2413376. [Abstract]
- Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Sep;21(9):e70730. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2024 Oct 3;15(10):727. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2023 Sep 30;14(9):645. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Oct 26;13(10):899. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jul 6;13(7):583. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2022 Aug 10:541:215752. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Aug 19;20(11):4513-4531. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Aug 8;18(13):5168-5184. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 Oct 2;23(1):414. [Abstract]
- Cell Commun Signal. 2025 May 3;23(1):213. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Apr 12;19(1):87. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Apr 24:142:156804. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Feb:137:156357 [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2024 Mar:125:155356. [Abstract]
- EBioMedicine. 2025 Sep:119:105914. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jun 15:490:137792. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2026 Feb 26. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2023 Jul 8;9(1):234. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Nov 12;121(46):e2406555121. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Aug 31;118(35):e2023909118. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2025 Apr 18:S1534-5807(25)00206-0. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2024 Feb 26;59(4):517-528.e3. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2024 Oct;43(44):3215-3226. [Abstract]
- Alzheimers Res Ther. 2025 Dec 1;17(1):253. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Feb 5;262(Pt 1):129950. [Abstract]
- Neural Regen Res. 2025 Oct 30. [Abstract]
- Microbiol Res. 2024 Jul 20:287:127825. [Abstract]
- Microbiol Res. 2023 Aug:273:127421. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Jun 7:254:307-322. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 May 26:253:148-163. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Mar 25:250:153-167. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Dec 23:245:201-222. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Nov 11:243:111-125. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Sep 19:S0891-5849(25)00942-6. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Aug 1:220:15-27. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Feb 20:212:493-504. [Abstract]
- EMBO Mol Med. 2025 Oct 15. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2020 Nov;10(7):e228. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 10;44(12):116673. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 25;44(11):116485. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Nov 23;42(12):113472. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Feb 28;42(3):112185. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Jan 30;42(2):112033. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Jan 31;42(1):112011. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2023 Sep 14;66(17):12614-12628. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2019 Sep 3;91(17):11409-11416. [Abstract]
- Clin Sci (Lond). 2019 Aug 14;133(15):1759-1777. [Abstract]
- Environ Pollut. 2024 Apr 15:347:123740. [Abstract]
- Sci Signal. 2021 Mar 9;14(673):eaax7942. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jun 10. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2024 Jan 15:264:115975. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2026 May:316:120117. [Abstract]
- J Environ Sci (China). 2025 Jun:152:313-327. [Abstract]
- Cell Biosci. 2022 Nov 4;12(1):180. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Apr:198:114948. [Abstract]
- Life Sci. 2025 Jul 18:379:123860. [Abstract]
- Food Funct. 2026 May 12;17(9):4090-4109. [Abstract]
- Inflamm Res. 2025 Jun 30;74(1):98. [Abstract]
- Food Biosci. 2025 Jul.
- Food Biosci. 2024 Feb, 57, 103549.
- Food Biosci. 2023 Jul 31, 102983.
- Inflamm Res. 2023 Feb;72(2):329-346. [Abstract]
- J Cell Biol. 2024 Jul 1;223(7):e202309015. [Abstract]
- Cells. 2026 Jan;15(9):806.
- ACS Photonics. 2025 Nov 7，12(11):6448–6457.
- Commun Biol. 2025 Jan 14;8(1):51. [Abstract]
- Front Microbiol. 2024 Sep 24:15:1417237. [Abstract]
- Cell Biol Toxicol. 2024 Oct 21;40(1):89. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Nov 1;16(11):1545. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Apr 15:175:116405. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Aug 20:164:115377. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Aug 30:165:115443. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 25;26(13):6089. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Apr 27;26(9):4162. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 29:157:114741. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 7;24(18):13812. [Abstract]
- Mol Neurobiol. 2025 Mar;62(3):3125-3142. [Abstract]
- mBio. 2023 Dec 19;14(6):e0265123. [Abstract]
- Microchem J. 2025 Sep 9;218:115245.
- Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev. 2025 Jul 17;33(3):101537. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2023 Oct;1869(7):166761. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2025 Mar 18;21(3):e1012951. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 20;10(1):3078. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2026 Jul:401:115726. [Abstract]
- Exp Neurol. 2024 May 30:114842. [Abstract]
- Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2020 Jan 5:224:117456. [Abstract]
- Virol Sin. 2023 Aug;38(4):520-530. [Abstract]
- Virol Sin. 2022 Oct;37(5):685-694. [Abstract]
- Poult Sci. 2024 Apr;103(4):103446. [Abstract]
- Aquaculture. 2025 Feb 15.
- FASEB J. 2026 Jan 15;40(1):e71409. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2024 Mar 22;1871(4):119712. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2020 Feb;34(2):2055-2074. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2026 Jun:173:111248. [Abstract]
- Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Sep 3;69(9):e0181424. [Abstract]
- FEBS J. 2025 Jun 1. [Abstract]
- FEBS J. 2024 Nov;291(21):4680-4695. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Sep;104:663-672. [Abstract]
- Microbiol Spectr. 2026 Jul 7;14(7):e0410825. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2026 May 19;100(5):e0180025. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2024 Jul 9:107543. [Abstract]
- Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Jun 15;11(3):e0313822. [Abstract]
- Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Jun 15;11(3):e0308022. [Abstract]
- J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2025 Nov;39(11):e70545. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2024 Jul 31;441(2):114182. [Abstract]
- Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2024 Mar:168:106517. [Abstract]
- Mol Carcinog. 2022 Dec;61(12):1128-1142. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2021 Mar 1;400(1):112493. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Drug Des. 2025 Dec;106(6):e70228. [Abstract]
- Neuroscience. 2025 Nov 10:587:81-89. [Abstract]
- Biomed Opt Express. 2026 Feb 19;17(3):1499-1511. [Abstract]
- Mol Biotechnol. 2025 Jul 28. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell Probes. 2024 Jul 5:76:101968. [Abstract]
- Biomed Opt Express. 2023 Sep 13;14(10):5182-5198. [Abstract]
- JBMR Plus. 2026 Jan 12;10(3):ziag004. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2025 Aug 13;1869(11):130851. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2025 Sep 6:310:110721. [Abstract]
- Biomol Biomed. 2025 Mar 7;25(4):869-882. [Abstract]
- Vet Sci. 2024 May 8;11(5):204. [Abstract]
- FEBS Open Bio. 2021 Sep;11(9):2647-2654. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026 Feb 12:800:153270. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Nov 1:787:152767. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 Nov 30:742:151067. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Apr 30;512(2):269-275. [Abstract]
- APMIS. 2025 Mar;133(3):e70014. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2023 Feb 10;25(3):133. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 8.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 19.
- Res Sq. 2026 Mar 24.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Feb 24.
- SSRN. 2025 Dec 17.
- Res Sq. 2025 Dec 18.
- Res Sq. 2025 Sep 2.
- Patent. US20250144047A1.
- SSRN. 2025 May 18.
- bioRxiv. 2025 April 05.
- SSRN. 2025 Mar 20.
- Research Square Preprint. 2024 Oct 28.
- Res Sq. 2024 Nov 06.
- University of California, Berkeley. 2024.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Aug 7:2024.08.06.606942. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2024 September 10.
- Philipps University of Marburg. 2023 Mar 16.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Dec 27
- bioRxiv. 2023 Aug 29.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Apr 19.
- Research Square Print. November 28th, 2022.
- Research Square Print. 2022 Sep.
- Bioengineered. 2022 Feb;13(2):3486-3502. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20200268864A1.
- Humboldt university. 2019 Feb.
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Flow Cytometry
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WB
Biological Activity
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | IC50 |
22 μM
Compound: CCCP
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Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by PrestoBlue assay
Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by PrestoBlue assay
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[PMID: 27598234] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
36 μM
Compound: CCCP
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Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after 24 hrs by JC-1 staining based fluorescence assay
Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after 24 hrs by JC-1 staining based fluorescence assay
|
[PMID: 27598234] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
6 μM
Compound: CCCP
|
Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by PrestoBlue assay
Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by PrestoBlue assay
|
[PMID: 27598234] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
7.2 μM
Compound: CCCP
|
Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as intracellular ATP level after 48 hrs by luminescence based ATP detection assay
Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as intracellular ATP level after 48 hrs by luminescence based ATP detection assay
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[PMID: 27598234] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
9.8 μM
Compound: CCCP
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Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as intracellular ATP level after 24 hrs by luminescence based ATP detection assay
Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as intracellular ATP level after 24 hrs by luminescence based ATP detection assay
|
[PMID: 27598234] |
CCCP inhibits IFN-β production induced by various types of the STING pathway activators. CCCP suppresses the phosphorylation of STING, TBK1, and IRF3 via disrupting the association of STING and TBK1. CCCP inhibits activation of STING and its downstream signaling molecules, TBK1 and IRF3, but not STING translocation to the perinuclear region. CCCP impairs the interaction between STING and TBK1 and concomitantly triggers mitochondria fission. Importantly, the knockout of the crucial mitochondria fission regulator Drp1 restored the STING activity, indicating that CCCP down-modulates the STING pathway through DRP1-mediated mitochondria fragmentation. The protonophore CCCP that disrupts membrane potential suppresses the DMXAA-triggered STING signaling pathway. CCCP drastically suppresses the production of IFN-β in DMXAA-treated RAW264.7 cells and MEFs[1].
As low as 1 μM CCCP is enough to induce mitocytosis. In cells treated with 10 μM CCCP, which is the dose used for inducing mitophagy, mitocytosis is barely induced. Mechanistically, mitocytosis requires positioning of damaged mitochondria at the cell periphery, which occurs because damaged mitochondria avoid binding to inward motor proteins[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 555-60-2
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 204.62
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Formula C9H5ClN4
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Color Yellow to brown
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SMILES
N#C/C(C#N)=N/NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1
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Synonyms
Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenylhydrazone
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (189)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2019 Nov;575(7782):375-379. PMID: 31618756
CCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2019 Nov;575(7782):375-379. [Abstract]
Mitochondrial membrane potential assessed by flowcytometry for TMRE is disrupted in CCCP (20 μM) treatment.
CCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2019 Nov;575(7782):375-379. [Abstract]
PINK1 accumulation in mitochondria is impaired in cells lacking ANT. Cells bearing gRNA targets to the indicated genes were transduced with PINK1-GFP, followed by treatment with CCCP (20 μM) versus control, and then immunostained using anti-Tom20 antibody.
CCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2019 Nov;575(7782):375-379. [Abstract]
Phosphorylation of PINK1 after CCCP (20 μM) treatment is preserved in the absence of ANT1.
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Cell
2025 Oct 16;188(21):5962-5979.e22. PMID: 40816267 -
Cell Metab
Gut microbiota-derived isovaleric acid alleviates atrial fibrillation by suppressing GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. [Abstract]2026 Feb 3;38(2):370-387.e10. PMID: 41638192 -
Cell Metab
Ultrasensitive sensors reveal the spatiotemporal landscape of lactate metabolism in physiology and disease. [Abstract]2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. PMID: 36309010
CCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Metab. 2023 Jan 3;35(1):200-211.e9. [Abstract]
Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (10 μM), significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited lactate enrichment in isolated mitochondria upon lactate incubation
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Cell Res
2021 Jun;31(6):703-712. PMID: 33159153 -
Cell Host Microbe
A Vibrio-specific T6SS effector reshapes microbial competition by disrupting Vibrio bioenergetics. [Abstract]2025 Jul 9;33(7):1146-1160.e8. PMID: 40592326 -
Bone Res
Enhanced SIRT3 expression restores mitochondrial quality control mechanism to reverse osteogenic impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. [Abstract]2025 Mar 3;13(1):30. PMID: 40025004 -
Autophagy
2026 Jul;22(7):1657-1678. PMID: 41968644 -
Autophagy
MEN1/menin deficiency suppresses hepatocellular carcinogenesis via disrupting mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. [Abstract]2026 Jun 10:1-23. PMID: 42210578 -
Autophagy
Phase separation of OPTN initiates mitophagy to orchestrate craniofacial bone mineralization. [Abstract]2026 May;22(5):1021-1043. PMID: 41692957 -
Autophagy
Senecavirus a VP2 protein orchestrates PRDX1 degradation through dual autophagy pathways: macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]2026 Jan 1:1-19. PMID: 41479169 -
Autophagy
Activation of endogenous PRKN by structural derepression is linked to increased turnover of the E3 ubiquitin ligase. [Abstract]2025 Jul 18:1-21. PMID: 40624741 -
Autophagy
Salmonella Typhimurium persistently infects host via its effector SseJ-induced PHB2-mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]2025 Jun;21(6):1228-1244. PMID: 39902787 -
Autophagy
MANF facilitates breast cancer cell survival under glucose-starvation conditions via prkn-mediated mitophagy regulation. [Abstract]2025 Jan;21(1):80-101. PMID: 39147386 -
Autophagy
PLK2-mediated phosphorylation of SQSTM1 S349 promotes aggregation of polyubiquitinated proteins upon proteasomal dysfunction. [Abstract]2024 Oct;20(10):2221-2237. PMID: 39316746 -
Autophagy
Signal-sustained imaging of mitophagy with an Enzyme-Activatable Metabolic Lipid-Labeling Probe. [Abstract]2024 Nov;20(11):2556-2570. PMID: 38873937 -
Autophagy
CDK9 inhibition blocks the initiation of PINK1-PRKN-mediated mitophagy by regulating the SIRT1-FOXO3-BNIP3 axis and enhances the therapeutic effects involving mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Aug;18(8):1879-1897. PMID: 34890308 -
Autophagy
RAB7 activity is required for the regulation of mitophagy in oocyte meiosis and oocyte quality control during ovarian aging. [Abstract]2022 Mar;18(3):643-660. PMID: 34229552 -
Autophagy
AMPK protects against alcohol-induced liver injury through UQCRC2 to up-regulate mitophagy. [Abstract]2021 Nov;17(11):3622-3643. PMID: 33719895 -
Nat Commun
Coronavirus M protein promotes mitophagy over virophagy by recruiting PDPK1 to phosphorylate SQSTM1 at T138. [Abstract]2024 Oct 16;15(1):8927. PMID: 39414765 -
Nat Commun
AKT1 phosphorylation of cytoplasmic ME2 induces a metabolic switch to glycolysis for tumorigenesis. [Abstract]2024 Jan 23;15(1):686. PMID: 38263319 -
ACS Nano
Overcoming Nanosilver Resistance: Resensitizing Bacteria and Targeting Evolutionary Mechanisms. [Abstract]2025 Jan 14;19(1):1702-1712. PMID: 39739341
CCCP purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Nano. 2025 Jan 14;19(1):1702-1712. [Abstract]
CCCP (10 μM; 4 h) resulted in a more than 10,000-fold decrease in the survival rate of EI cells exposed to AgNPs.
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J Adv Res
Glycyrrhetinic acid augments lipid catabolism via immune-neural modulation in adipose tissue. [Abstract]2025 Nov 15:S2090-1232(25)00914-2. PMID: 41248711 -
J Adv Res
Inhibition of mitophagy via the EIF2S1-ATF4-PRKN pathway contributes to viral encephalitis. [Abstract]2024 Aug 3:S2090-1232(24)00326-6. PMID: 39103048 -
Neuron
Targeting PGAM5-driven mitochondrial integrated stress response slows ALS progression across subtypes. [Abstract]2026 Mar 11:S0896-6273(26)00086-3. PMID: 41819100 -
Cell Discov
2025 Mar 11;11(1):22. PMID: 40064862 -
Sci Immunol
2026 Apr 3;11(118):eaeb6484. PMID: 41931597 -
Redox Biol
CTPS1 modulates mitophagy to propel diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via reshaping CEPT1-mediated phospholipid metabolism. [Abstract]2026 May:92:104132. PMID: 41865720 -
Redox Biol
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus promotes viral replication via ROS/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. [Abstract]2026 Jan 5:89:104008. PMID: 41512444 -
Redox Biol
LRRK2 aggravates kidney injury through promoting MFN2 degradation and abnormal mitochondrial integrity. [Abstract]2023 Oct:66:102860. PMID: 37633049 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Curcumin-loaded copper/iron bimetallic nanoparticle-incorporated hydrogel scaffold: a sequential microenvironment reprogramming platform for accelerated chronic wound healing. [Abstract]2026 Feb 18;24(1):268. PMID: 41709316 -
J Nanobiotechnology
The interrupted effect of autophagic flux and lysosomal function induced by graphene oxide in p62-dependent apoptosis of F98 cells. [Abstract]2020 Mar 18;18(1):52. PMID: 32188458 -
J Clin Invest
Parkin ubiquitinates phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase to suppress serine synthesis and tumor progression. [Abstract]2020 Jun 1;130(6):3253-3269. PMID: 32478681 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
ERRα suppression enhances the cytotoxicity of the MEK inhibitor trametinib against colon cancer cells. [Abstract]2018 Sep 5;37(1):218. PMID: 30185207 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Orchestrated Engineered Polyphenol-Peptide Condensates Coupled With β-GP Reverses Diabetic Osteoporosis by Remodeling Mitophagy. [Abstract]2026 May 12:e75666. PMID: 42118233 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
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Bioengineered
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (244.36 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.22 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
-
-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
-
%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
-
%+
-
+%Tween-80 + +
-
%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
MEFs (5×105), Raw264.7 cells (1×106), and HeLa cells stable expressing STING (1.5×105) are stimulated with DMXAA (100 μg/mL) for 2 or 3 h, or transfected with c-di-GMP (5 μM), cGAMP (5 μg/mL), or poly (dA:dT) (2 μg/mL) for 6 h. CCCP (50 μM) is co-treated with DMXAA (100 μg/mL), or treated for the last 5 h in case of treatment of c-di-GMP or poly (dA:dT)[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[2]
Female Balb/c mice n=6, per dosing group weighing 20-25 g are rendered neutropenic with 2 intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide 150 mg/kg.bw and 100 mg/kg.bw on 4 days and 1 day prior to bacterial infection. 0.1 mL of the 106 CFU/mL bacterial suspension is injected into right posterior thigh muscle. After 2 h post-infection mice are treated with PPEF (3 mg/kg.bw), CCCP (3 mg/kg.bw) and in combination PPEF+CCCP (3 mg/kg.bw+3 mg/kg.bw) dissolved in 0.1 mL sterile water by single bolus intravenous injection. Twenty-four hours after antibacterial administration, the mice are humanely sacrificed. Right thigh muscles from each mouse are aseptically collected, homogenized and serially diluted and processed for quantitative cultures.
Rats[3]
Rats are randomly divided into three groups. One group is euthanized 15 min after a dose of 12.5 MBq (337.8 μCi) 99mTc-MIBI injection (n=6). The other two groups are administered 4 mg/kg CCCP (CCCP group; n=7) or vehicle (vehicle group; n=7) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 90 min after the same dose of 99mTc-MIBI injection and are euthanized after an additional 90 min (180 min after the 99mTc-MIBI injection). Hearts are excised and weighed, and radioactivity is measured between 110 and 170 keV with an auto-well gamma counter. 99mTc-MIBI signals are corrected for physical decay (half-life=6 h).
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (480 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Kwon D, et al. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) suppresses STING-mediated DNA sensing pathway through inducing mitochondrial fission. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Aug 30. pii: S0006-291X(17)31704-7. [Content Brief]
[2]. Sinha D, et al. Synergistic efficacy of Bisbenzimidazole and Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazonecombination against MDR bacterial strains. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 17;7:44419. [Content Brief]
[3]. Kawamoto A, et al. Measurement of technetium-99m sestamibi signals in rats administered a mitochondrial uncoupler and in a rat model of heart failure. PLoS One. 2015 Jan 16;10(1):e0117091. [Content Brief]
[4]. Kondapalli C, et al. PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and stimulates Parkin E3 ligase activity by phosphorylating Serine 65. Open Biol. 2012 May;2(5):120080. [Content Brief]
[5]. Haifeng Jiao, et al. Mitocytosis, a migrasome-mediated mitochondrial quality-control process. Cell. 2021 May 27;184(11):2896-2910.e13. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 4.8871 mL | 24.4355 mL | 48.8711 mL | 122.1777 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9774 mL | 4.8871 mL | 9.7742 mL | 24.4355 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4887 mL | 2.4436 mL | 4.8871 mL | 12.2178 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3258 mL | 1.6290 mL | 3.2581 mL | 8.1452 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2444 mL | 1.2218 mL | 2.4436 mL | 6.1089 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1955 mL | 0.9774 mL | 1.9548 mL | 4.8871 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1629 mL | 0.8145 mL | 1.6290 mL | 4.0726 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1222 mL | 0.6109 mL | 1.2218 mL | 3.0544 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0977 mL | 0.4887 mL | 0.9774 mL | 2.4436 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0815 mL | 0.4073 mL | 0.8145 mL | 2.0363 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0611 mL | 0.3054 mL | 0.6109 mL | 1.5272 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0489 mL | 0.2444 mL | 0.4887 mL | 1.2218 mL |
CCCP Related Classifications
HY-100941 Related Classifications
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