IA2 Protein, Human (293a.a, N-His)

The IA2 protein plays a pivotal role in vesicle-mediated secretory processes, with essential functions extending across various tissues. It is required for the normal accumulation of secretory vesicles in key areas such as the hippocampus, pituitary, and pancreatic islets. Particularly crucial for insulin-related processes, IA2 is necessary for the accumulation of normal levels of insulin-containing vesicles, preventing their degradation and contributing to insulin secretion in response to glucose stimuli. IA2's influence also extends to neurotransmitter regulation in the brain, where it is required for the normal accumulation of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Interestingly, in females, IA2 is uniquely indispensable for the normal accumulation and secretion of pituitary hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Moreover, IA2 plays a role in maintaining normal levels of renin expression and release. Despite lacking intrinsic enzyme activity, IA2 may regulate catalytic active protein-tyrosine phosphatases, such as PTPRA, through dimerization. The intricate dynamics of IA2 are further highlighted in its interaction with ICA512-TMF, where it modulates the dynamics and exocytosis of insulin secretory granules, proposing a tethering mechanism to the actin cytoskeleton dependent on UTRN and regulated by ICA512-CFF dimerization.