Phenytoin sodium
Based on 6 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Phenytoin sodium (5,5-Diphenylhydantoin sodium salt) is a potent Voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) blocker. Phenytoin has antiepileptic activity and reduces breast tumour growth and metastasis in mice.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.78%
- CAS No.: 630-93-3
- Formula: C15H11N2NaO2
- Molecular Weight:274.25
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Phenytoin sodium
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
Phenytoin sodium is an antiepileptic agent. It is useful to treat partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures but not primary generalized seizures such as absence seizures or myoclonic seizures. Phenytoin is believed to protect against seizures by causing voltage-dependent block of voltage-gated sodium channels[2].
Phenytoin has low affinity for resting sodium channels at hyperpolarized membrane potentials[3].
When neurons are depolarized and the channels transition into the open and inactivated states, greater binding and block occur. The inhibitory potency is strongly use dependent, so that block accumulates with prolonged or repetitive activation, such as occurs during a seizure discharge. The blocking of sodium channels by phenytoin is of slow onset. The time course of fast sodium currents is therefore not altered in the presence of the drug and action potentials evoked by synaptic depolarizations of ordinary duration are not blocked. Thus phenytoin is able to selectively inhibit pathological hyperexcitability in epilepsy without unduly impairing ongoing activity. Phenytoin also blocks persistent sodium current and this may be of particular importance in seizure control. Phenytoin is a class 1b antiarrhythmic[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
Phenytoin (60 mg/kg; once daily for 28 days) sodium reduces MDA-MB-231 cells in six-week-old female Rag2-/- Il2rg-/- mice[1].
Phenytoin can induce a model of gingival hyperplasia in mice[6].
Administration: 30 mg/kg • miniosmotic pumps • 0.5-μL/h • 2 weeks
(2) Pumps are replaced every 2 weeks throughout the 12-week experimental period.
(3) Mice are then euthanized and heads are immediately placed in freshly made 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours for fixation.
Histomorphometry: Increased epithelial thickness and area in the maxillary anterior zone.
Molecular changes: Ccn2 is overexpressed in all regions of the epithelium; TGF-β1 and LOXL2 is overexpressed in both epithelial and connective tissues.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 630-93-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 274.25
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Formula C15H11N2NaO2
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C1N=C(O[Na])NC1(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3
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Synonyms
5,5-Diphenylhydantoin sodium salt
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (6)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Int Immunopharmacol
Lidocaine inhibits influenza a virus replication by up-regulating IFNα4 via TBK1-IRF7 and JNK-AP1 signaling pathways. [Abstract]2023 Feb:115:109706. PMID: 36638664 -
Cell Rep Methods
RECOVER identifies synergistic drug combinations in vitro through sequential model optimization. [Abstract]2023 Oct 23;3(10):100599. PMID: 37797618 -
Regen Ther
Phenytoin regulates osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells by PI3K/Akt pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jul 6:24:201-210. PMID: 37448850 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Ageing Increases Cardiac Electrical Remodelling in Rats and Mice via NOX4/ROS/CaMKII-Mediated Calcium Signalling. [Abstract]2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. PMID: 35387264
Phenytoin sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. [Abstract]
Phenytoin (Isoproterenol, ISO, 1 mg/kg, i.p.). The typical ECG recording showing that ageing increased susceptibility to ISO-induced arrhythmias using PES with PCL from 90 ms to 30 ms.
Phenytoin sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. [Abstract]
Histogram of the VT occurrence rate in young and old mice with or without treatment of Phenytoin (Isoproterenol, ISO, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) (∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001).
Phenytoin sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. [Abstract]
The typical APD80 map and AP trace (young: black line; old: red line) in intact Langendorff perfused young and old mouse hearts before and following Phenytoin (Isoproterenol, ISO, 1μM) challenge in pacing at 10 Hz.
Phenytoin sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. [Abstract]
Quantitative analysis of APD80 from individual hearts in young and old mice before and following Phenytoin (Isoproterenol, ISO, 1μM) (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001).
Phenytoin sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. [Abstract]
Ageing induced fractional increases in APD80 challenged by Phenytoin (Isoproterenol, ISO, 1μM) (ΔAPD80) (P > 0.05).
Phenytoin sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. [Abstract]
The typical CaTD50 map and calcium transient trace (young: black line; old: red line) in intact Langendorff perfused young and old mouse hearts before and following Phenytoin (Isoproterenol, ISO, 1μM) challenge in pacing at 10 Hz.
Phenytoin sodium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. [Abstract]
Histogram showing the τ30–90 in young and old mice before and following Phenytoin (Isoproterenol, ISO, 1μM) pacing at 10 Hz (∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01). n = 5 (each group).
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (182.32 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.12 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (286 KB)
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SDS (557 KB)
- English - EN (557 KB)
- Français - FR (557 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (557 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (557 KB)
- Español - ES (557 KB)
- Swedish - SV (557 KB)
- Italian - IT (557 KB)
- Korean - KR (557 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (557 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Michaela Nelson, et al. The sodium channel-blocking antiepileptic drug phenytoin inhibits breast tumour growth and metastasis. Mol Cancer. 2015 Jan 27;14(1):13. [Content Brief]
[2]. Rogawski, M.A. and W. Loscher, The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2004. 5(7): p. 553-64. [Content Brief]
[3]. Porter, R.J., et al., Mechanisms of action of antiseizure drugs. Handb Clin Neurol, 2012. 108: p. 663-81. [Content Brief]
[4]. Balaji, S., Medical therapy for sudden death. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2004. 51(5): p. 1379-87. [Content Brief]
[5]. Assaggaf MA, et al. Prevention of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth by lovastatin in mice. Am J Pathol. 2015 Jun;185(6):1588-99. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.6463 mL | 18.2315 mL | 36.4631 mL | 91.1577 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7293 mL | 3.6463 mL | 7.2926 mL | 18.2315 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3646 mL | 1.8232 mL | 3.6463 mL | 9.1158 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2431 mL | 1.2154 mL | 2.4309 mL | 6.0772 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1823 mL | 0.9116 mL | 1.8232 mL | 4.5579 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1459 mL | 0.7293 mL | 1.4585 mL | 3.6463 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1215 mL | 0.6077 mL | 1.2154 mL | 3.0386 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0912 mL | 0.4558 mL | 0.9116 mL | 2.2789 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0729 mL | 0.3646 mL | 0.7293 mL | 1.8232 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0608 mL | 0.3039 mL | 0.6077 mL | 1.5193 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0456 mL | 0.2279 mL | 0.4558 mL | 1.1395 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0365 mL | 0.1823 mL | 0.3646 mL | 0.9116 mL |
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