Enzyme Labeling

Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde 4-nitrophenylhydrazone (PCNPH) is a chromogenic substrate to peroxidase enzymes. Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde 4-nitrophenylhydrazone can form a purple indamine dye with peroxidase enzymes and peroxides.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-α-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for α-mannosidase resulting in a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

3-Acetylumbelliferyl β-D-Glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for β-glucosidase and can be used as a positive control substrates for β-D-glucosidase.

4-Methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl decanoate is a fluorogenic substrate used to follow the hydrolytic activity of carboxylesterases.

5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate is a chromogenic substrate for esterase with C8 activity. 5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate yields a blue precipitate when cleaved.

DABCYL-Glu-Arg-Nle-Phe-Leu-Ser-Phe-Pro-EDANS is a fluorescent dye, and can be applied in a fluorogenic substrate for an aspartyl proteinase from human malaria parasite.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-cellotrioside, a chromogenic substrate for β-glycosidases, is a cellulose fluorescent derivative.

X-GalNAc is a chromogenic substrate for for N-acetyl-β-galactosidase, used to determine the presence or absence of a cloned DNA insert in bacteria growing on agar plates.

N-Butylfluorescein is an alkyl-substituted fluorescein, can be used for synthesis of fluorogenic substrates for assaying phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C.

Glut-Phe-AMC is a fluorescent dye.

6,7-Diethoxy-4-methylcoumarin is a fluorogenic substrate and is also a metabolite of Cordyceps militaris.

6,7-Diaminoquinoxaline-2,3-dione dihydrochloride is a fluorescent dye that reacts with aldehydes.

TFMU-ADPr is a selective reporter substrate of SARS-CoV-2 Macro1 (IC₅₀=0.59 μM), with an excitation wavelength (λ_Ex) of 385 nm, and an emission wavelength (λ_Em) of 502 nm (or 495 nm). TFMU-ADPr can also undergo enzymatic hydrolysis with Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (PARG) sourced from human, Tetrahymena thermophila and ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3 from human to release fluorophores, thereby directly reporting total poly (ADP-ribose) hydrolase activity. TFMU-ADPr binds to the ADPr-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 Macro1, and its TFMU moiety inserts into the narrow hydrophobic groove of this protein. TFMU-ADPr can thus be used to evaluate small-molecule inhibitors targeting PAR hydrolases under in vitro conditions, to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of ADP-ribosyl catabolic enzymes, or to detect PAR hydrolase activity in whole-cell lysate assays. TFMU-ADPr is also applicable to COVID-19-related research.

Fluorescein Di-β-D-Glucopyranoside is a specific β-glucocerebrosidase substrate that can be used for the intralysosomal β-galactosidase.

EDANS sodium is a potent fluorogenic substrates. EDANS sodium is a donor for FRET-based nucleic acid probes and protease substrates. EDANS sodium is often paired with DABCYL or DABSYL. The optimal absorbance and emission wavelengths of EDANS sodium are λ_abs = 336 nm and λ_em = 490 nm respectively.

BMI-Glu is a selective γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) fluorescent probe with a K_m of 69.63 µM. BMI-Glu has high sensitivity, good water solubility and biocompatibility.

FITC-C6-LEHD-FMK, a fluorescently labeled caspase-9 inhibitor, can be used for detection of active caspase-9 in mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis. FITC-C6-LEHD-FMK provides a convenient means for sensitive detection of activated caspase-9 in living cells. Z-LEHD-FMK is a specific caspase-9 inhibitor.

RH 421 is a voltage-sensitive styryl dye that can penetrate through the lipid bilayers. RH 421 is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase.

P-BP-SFAC is a fluorescence molecule. P-BP-SFAC exhibits an apparent absorption band with a peak at about 377 nm, indicative of a stronger ICT effect.

TCP-BP-SFAC is a luminogenic molecule. TCP-BP-SFAC exhibits strong sky-blue delayed fluorescence in neat films, with photoluminescence (PL) peaks at ~483 nm and delayed fluorescence lifetimes of 5.4 to 5.7 μs.