Enzyme Labeling

Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC is a thrombin-specific fluorogenic substrate for testing of thrombin generation in PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) (Ex/Em = 390/480 nm).

Ac-DEVD-AFC is a fluorogenic substrate (λ_ex=400 nm, λ_em=530 nm).

Ac-DEVD-AMC is a fluorescent substrate of caspase-3/caspase-7. When treating Ac-DEVD-AMC with cell lysate, Ac-DEVD-AMC releases amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) for fluorescence detection, with an excitation wavelength of 380 nm and an emission wavelength of 460 nm.

Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC acetate is a thrombin-specific fluorogenic substrate for testing of thrombin generation in PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) (Ex/Em = 390/480 nm).

Gly-Pro-AMC hydrobromide is a fluorescent dye, it can be used as a specific fluorescent substrate for detecting Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity.

Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-AMC hydrochloride is a sensitive fluorogenic substrate for measuring trypsin-like serine proteases activity.

7-Ethoxyresorufin (Resorufin ethyl ether) is a fluorometric substrate and competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P450, especially CYP1A1. 7-Ethoxyresorufin also inhibits NO synthase.

Rhodamine 110 is a sensitive and selective substrate for assaying proteinases in solution or inside living cells. The excitation wavelength is 498 nm and the emission wavelength is 521 nm.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide hydrate is a fluorogenic substrat (λ_ex=362 nm, λ_em=445 nm). 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide hydrate has potential applications in detecting the activity of β-glucuronidase and the number of Escherichia coli.

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP), an anionic organophosphate, is a acid and alkaline phosphatase fluorogenic substrate. 4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate is also a nerve agent simulant.

X-Neu5Ac (sodium) is a substrate for chromogenic assay of neuraminidase activity in bacterial expression systems; with a K_m of 0.89 mM for neuraminidase.

eGFP mRNA (N1-Me-Pseudo UTP) will express green fluorescent protein, originally isolated from the jellyfish, Aequorea victoria. The eGFP is a commonly used direct detection reporter in mammalian cell culture, yielding bright green fluorescence. The substitution with N1-Me-Pseudo UTP (m1Ψ) improves protein expression and reduces innate immune response.

IDT307, an analog of the organic cation MPP+, is a specific fluorescent substrate for DAT (fluorescent substrate APP+).

Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG) is an efficient and sensitive chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase (HY-P2869), widely used in colorimetric assays. Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside itself appears pale yellow. When it is specifically hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase, it releases chlorophenol red. The released chlorophenol red turns purple-red under alkaline or neutral pH conditions. This color change from yellow to red can be quantitatively detected at wavelengths of 540-572 nm using visible spectrophotometry.

Ac-ANW-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for immunoproteasome. Ac-ANW-AMC can be used to measure β5i activity (Ex=345 nm, Em=445 nm).

Ac-WLA-AMC is a specific 20S constitutive proteasome β5 fluorogenic substrate.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate for β-galactosidase which, when cleaved, produces a water-soluble blue fluorescent coumarin fluorophore that can be detected using a fluoroenzymeter or fluorometer.

DDAO is a promising near-infrared (NIR) red fluorescent probewith tunable excitation wavelength (600-650nm) and longemission wavelength(λem=656nm). DDAO can be desiged for detection of the activities of different enzymes such asβ-galactosidase,sulfatase, proteinphosphatase2A,carboxylesterase 2, humanalbumin andesterases.

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Cellobioside (p-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside) is a cellotriose analog. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Cellobioside is hydrolyzed by β-glucosidases such as TxGH116 and ThCel7B. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Cellobioside can also be hydrolyzed by exoglucanases and endoglucanases to produce p-nitrophenol (PNP). 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Cellobioside can be used to detect cellulase activity.

Ac-LEHD-AFC is a fluorescent substrate for caspase-9, can be used to assess the activity of caspase.