2. Autophagy Anti-infection Immunology/Inflammation
  3. Parasite Autophagy SARS-CoV Toll-like Receptor (TLR) HIV Antibiotic
  4. Chloroquine

Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 54-05-7

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Customer Review

Based on 1191 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Chloroquine:

Chloroquine Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1191 Publications Citing Use of MCE Chloroquine

IF
WB
Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Apr 29;23(1):86.  [Abstract]

    293 cells transfected with the indicated vectors were treated with chloroquine (20 μM) or DMSO for 6 h. Cell lysates were prepared, and the CDC6 protein level was measured by Western blotting.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Nano. 2024 Sep 10;18(36):24872-24897.  [Abstract]

    ​Chloroquine (50 nM, 24 h), as an autophagy inhibitor, blocks autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion in HT22 cells, leading to impaired autophagic flux.​

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Nano. 2024 Jan 30;18(4):3733-3751.  [Abstract]

    The protein levels of SOX2 in 100 μg/mL of PS-NP-exposed Swan 71 cells treated with CHX (10 μg/mL; 4 h) and MG132 (10 μM; 6 h) or chloroquine (CQ) (15 μM; 6 h).

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Extracell Vesicles. 2024 Jul;13(7):e12468.  [Abstract]

    Western blotting showing the protein degradation of HEXB by using Chloroquine (CQ) (10 μM, 24 h).

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Res. 2023 Dec;33(12):904-922.  [Abstract]

    A375 cells were pretreated with CQ (30μM) or MG132 (100 nM) for 2 hours, and then treated with CCCP/FeSO4 plus mannose for 24 hours. Tubulin was used to determine the amount of loading proteins.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Commun (Lond). 2023 May;43(5):582-612.  [Abstract]

    WB analysis of LC3 and p62 expression in MCF7 and SKBR3 cells after YAP1 transient overexpression for 48 h with or without EBSS (6 h) starvation or CQ (Chloroquine) (20 µmol/L, 6 h) treatment.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: ACS Nano. 2023 Nov 28;17(22):22240-22258.  [Abstract]

    Sorafenib-sensitive HepG2 cells, with or without URB1-AS1 overexpression, were treated with the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine or vehicle for 24 h. Ferritin H levels were analyzed by Western blot.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Extracell Vesicles. 2023 Jul;12(7):e12342.  [Abstract]

    The sEV cocultured 22Rv1 cells were pretreated with 1μM CQ and followed by IR treatment. The cell survival rate was determined using colony survival assay (n = 3).

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Extracell Vesicles. 2023 Jul;12(7):e12342.  [Abstract]

    After pretreating cells with 10μM CQ, the levels of phospho‐AMPKα and autophagic markers in the cells were quantified by immunoblotting using the specific antibodies. β‐actin serves as a loading control.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Immun Inflamm Dis. 2023 Apr;11(4):e830.

    Chloroquine (10 μM; 30 min) reverses the effect of OmpA on autophagy by inhibiting the expression of LC3 in BMDCs.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Immun Inflamm Dis. 2023 Apr;11(4):e830.

    Chloroquine (10 μM; 30 min) reverses the effect of OmpA on autophagy by inhibiting the expression of Beclin1 and LC3II/I while increasing the expression of P62 in BMDCs.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Prostate. 2019 Jan;79(1):44-53.  [Abstract]

    Treatment with sub-dose of Everolimus (10 nM), together with CQ (5 µM) increases the levels of Bax and cleaved PARP, and decreases the levels of Bcl-2 expression in both PC3 and LNPER cells.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Dec:108:1617-1627.  [Abstract]

    GFP-LC3B-expressing LX-2 cells are treated with DMSO, 3-MA (10 mM), or Chloroquine (30 μM) alone or in the presence of Carvedilol (CVD, 10 μM) for 24 h. The conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II is evaluated using immunoblotting.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncogene. 2018 May;37(22):2936-2952.  [Abstract]

    IPZ-treated U87 and U251 cells are treated with or without Baf-A1 (5 nM), CQ (40 μM), or MG132 (1 μM) for 48 h, followed by western blots.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Med. 2018 May;41(5):2535-2544.  [Abstract]

    MC3T3-E1 cells are treated with AICAR (10 μM) in the presence or absence of 3-MA (5 mM) or CQ (10 μM) for 24 h, after which western blot analysis is conducted.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 7;8(1):4108.  [Abstract]

    L02 cells exposed to PA (200 μM) with different concentrations of Rapamycin (Rapa) or Chloroquine (CQ) for 24 h. Palmitate (PA) induced higher protein expression of LC3 II/I and p62 compared with control as indicated by western blot.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2018 Oct;367(1):20-27.  [Abstract]

    Protein expression of LC3B and p62 in Panc-1 cells treated with Carboxamidotriazole (CAI) and/or Chloroquine (CQ).

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2018 Feb 1;50(2):144-155.  [Abstract]

    Raw264.7 macrophages treated without or with Rapamycin (1 μΜ) or Chloroquine (20 μΜ) for 48 h. Western blot shows the protein expression levels of Atg5, Beclin1, LC3, and p62/SQSMT1.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Sep 5;503(2):501-507.  [Abstract]

    Western blot analysis of autophagy markers and LAMP2 in mice with AAV-vaspin and Chloroquine (CQ) pretreatment after I/R (1d).

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurosci Lett. 2018 Aug 24:682:112-117.  [Abstract]

    After treatment of CDDP with or without the autophagy inhibitor CQ, the expression of LC3-II in the CQ+CDDP group is less than that in the CQ group but is higher than that in the CDDP group at 24 h and 96 h.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;48(6):2318-2336.  [Abstract]

    Cells are treated with Rapamycin (Rp; 10 μM)+Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 40 μM) with or without Chloroquine (CQ; 5 μM) for 48 h. Cell extracts are prepared and subjected to western blot analysis.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: EBioMedicine. 2017 May:19:49-59.  [Abstract]

    mCherry-GFPLC3 puncta analysis in SPC-A-1 cells. Cells are transfected with mCherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid and incubated for 6 h. Next, cells are pretreated with or without Chloroquine (50 μM) for 1 h followed by stimulation of 5 μM Flu for 24 h or 36 h. Scale bar, 10 μm and 2 μm (magnified graph). The lysosomal inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) raises the lysosomal pH and increases the autophagic flux.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 7;7(1):2929.  [Abstract]

    p53 and Cell apoptosis. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells are treated with 80 μM ω-3 FFAs, 20 μM ATRA alone or in combination for 48 h. The expression of PARP and p53 protein. β-Actin is used as an internal control.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 22;8(65):109135-109150.  [Abstract]

    Cells are treated with RA (20 μM) plus ω-3 PUFAs (80 μM) with or without CQ (5 μM) for 24 h. Cell extracts are prepared and subjected to western blotting analysis.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2016 Dec;48(12):1075-1084.  [Abstract]

    The change of LC3 is analyzed by western blotting after 6 h hypoxia in the presence or absence of Chloroquine of WDR26-overexpressing H9c2 cells.

    Chloroquine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Tumour Biol. 2016 Jul;37(7):8811-24.  [Abstract]

    Assays for autophagy activity. Immunoblot analysis for LC3B. Compared with the Lenti-NC cells, the Lenti-CD44v6 cells display a higher intensity of autophagy flux but not steady-state levels when treated with 5-FU (*P<0.001).

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    Description

    Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM)[1][2][3][4].

    IC50 & Target[1][2][3][5]

    Plasmodium

     

    Malaria

     

    TLRs

     

    SARS-COV-2

     

    HIV-1

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    184B5 GI50
    76.13 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human 184B5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human 184B5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19804979]
    184B5 GI50
    76.13 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human 184B5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human 184B5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 20106668]
    184B5 IC50
    63.08 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against human 184B5 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human 184B5 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 26602827]
    184B5 IC50
    76.13 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human 184B5 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human 184B5 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 28586716]
    A-431 ED50
    > 20 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A431 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 8450319]
    A549 CC50
    144.2 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells infected with USUV 3345 isolate Arb276 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 20 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells infected with USUV 3345 isolate Arb276 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 20 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 36623328]
    A549 CC50
    80.45 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells infected with ZIKV MR766 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 30 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells infected with ZIKV MR766 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 30 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 36623328]
    A549 IC50
    100 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34303874]
    A549 IC50
    40 nM
    Compound: 1 (Chloroquine)
    Cytotoxicity against human lung cell carcinoma A549 cell line
    Cytotoxicity against human lung cell carcinoma A549 cell line
    		[PMID: 15115412]
    BEAS-2B IC50
    3.07 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Anticancer activity against human BEAS-2B cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Anticancer activity against human BEAS-2B cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34303874]
    BHK-21 CC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: 1; CQ
    cytotoxicity against golden hamster BHK-21 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    cytotoxicity against golden hamster BHK-21 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 32845145]
    BJ EC50
    > 25 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells
    Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells
    		[PMID: 25316317]
    BT-474 EC50
    4.8 μM
    Compound: 149
    Inhibition of autophagy in human BT-474 cells
    Inhibition of autophagy in human BT-474 cells
    		[PMID: 36283182]
    BT-474 IC50
    > 1000 μM
    Compound: 29; CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human BT474 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BT474 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29211480]
    BT-483 GI50
    10.2 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Growth inhibition of human BT-483 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 10% FBS supplemented DMEM medium
    Growth inhibition of human BT-483 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 10% FBS supplemented DMEM medium
    		[PMID: 19748786]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    25 μM
    Compound: CQ, Lys01
    Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method
    Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method
    		[PMID: 25699157]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    > 30 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36692906]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    23 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by Coulter counter analysis
    Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by Coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    CHO CC50
    155 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against CHO cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against CHO cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25791675]
    CHO IC50
    35.8 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against CHO cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against CHO cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 26832222]
    CHO IC50
    57.84 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against CHO cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against CHO cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29559277]
    Caco-2 GI50
    38.67 μM
    Compound: CQ, 1
    Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 24184076]
    Cancer cell lines IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ, chloroquine
    Inhibition of cell proliferation of breast cancer cells (unknown origin)
    Inhibition of cell proliferation of breast cancer cells (unknown origin)
    		[PMID: 26135471]
    Cancer cell lines IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ, chloroquine
    Inhibition of cell proliferation of lung cancer cells (unknown origin)
    Inhibition of cell proliferation of lung cancer cells (unknown origin)
    		[PMID: 26135471]
    Erythrocyte CC50
    466.66 ppm
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human RBC assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human RBC assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 31272837]
    Erythrocyte CC50
    > 100 μg/mL
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes
    Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes
    		[PMID: 37556947]
    Erythrocyte CC50
    > 100 μg/mL
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes measured after 1 hr by microtiter plate method
    Hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes measured after 1 hr by microtiter plate method
    		[PMID: 27667552]
    Erythrocyte IC50
    0.006 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antimalarial activity against synchronous ring stage Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human Erythrocyte assessed as inhibition of parasite growth incubated for 96 hrs supplemented with IPP by [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assay
    Antimalarial activity against synchronous ring stage Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human Erythrocyte assessed as inhibition of parasite growth incubated for 96 hrs supplemented with IPP by [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assay
    		[PMID: 39241483]
    Erythrocyte IC50
    0.188 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum RKL9 infected in human erythrocyte assessed as inhibition of parasite growth incubated for 24 hrs by two fold serial dilution assay
    Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum RKL9 infected in human erythrocyte assessed as inhibition of parasite growth incubated for 24 hrs by two fold serial dilution assay
    		[PMID: 35985254]
    FM3A EC50
    0.00032 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells
    Cytotoxicity of compound was tested against mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells
    		[PMID: 12570385]
    FM3A EC50
    32 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against Mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells
    Antiproliferative activity against Mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells
    		[PMID: 10966746]
    FM3A EC50
    32000 nM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against mouse FM3A cells assessed as inhibition of increase in cell density after 48 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against mouse FM3A cells assessed as inhibition of increase in cell density after 48 hrs
    		[PMID: 18479926]
    FM3A EC50
    32000 nM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse FM3A cell line
    Cytotoxicity against mouse FM3A cell line
    		[PMID: 16524728]
    FM3A EC50
    3.2 x 10-5 M
    Compound: Chloroquine
    In vitro cytotoxicity against mouse mammary FM3A cells
    In vitro cytotoxicity against mouse mammary FM3A cells
    		[PMID: 12036365]
    FM3A EC50
    3.2 x 10-5 M
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against FM3A mouse mammary cells
    Cytotoxicity against FM3A mouse mammary cells
    		[PMID: 13678413]
    FM3A EC50
    3.2 x 10-5 M
    Compound: chloroquine
    Compound was tested for cytotoxicity against FM3A mouse mammary cells.
    Compound was tested for cytotoxicity against FM3A mouse mammary cells.
    		[PMID: 10447961]
    FM3A EC50
    3.2 x 10-5 M
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells representing a model of host
    Cytotoxicity against mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells representing a model of host
    		[PMID: 11855978]
    FM3A IC50
    19 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Selectivity for FM3A cells over Plasmodium falciparum as mean EC50 ratio
    Selectivity for FM3A cells over Plasmodium falciparum as mean EC50 ratio
    		[PMID: 12408708]
    HCA1 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against mouse HCA1 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse HCA1 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34558909]
    HCC827 IC50
    76 μM
    Compound: CQ, Lys01
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCC827 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCC827 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method
    		[PMID: 25699157]
    HCT-116 IC50
    33.7 μM
    Compound: 70
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by WST1 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by WST1 assay
    		[PMID: 12398531]
    HCT-8 IC50
    27 nM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antimicrobial activity against Cryptosporidium parvum infected in human HCT-8 cells after 48 hrs by ELISA
    Antimicrobial activity against Cryptosporidium parvum infected in human HCT-8 cells after 48 hrs by ELISA
    		[PMID: 18591280]
    HEK-293T IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24077527]
    HEK293 CC50
    20 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as cell viability measured for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as cell viability measured for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34303874]
    HEK293 CC50
    >= 20 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by resazurin dye based assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by resazurin dye based assay
    		[PMID: 30537832]
    HEK293 EC50
    > 25 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells
    		[PMID: 25316317]
    HEK293 IC50
    0.49 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by resazurin dye based assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by resazurin dye based assay
    		[PMID: 29236492]
    HEK293 IC50
    101.19 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33744688]
    HEK293 IC50
    12 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 21155593]
    HEK293 IC50
    17.21 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38107179]
    HEK293 IC50
    2.5 μM
    Compound: Ch
    Inhibition of human ERG expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in tail current at membrane potential of +20 mV
    Inhibition of human ERG expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in tail current at membrane potential of +20 mV
    		[PMID: 25746816]
    HEK293 IC50
    265 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Neutral Red Uptake assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Neutral Red Uptake assay
    		[PMID: 39208744]
    HEK293 IC50
    40 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 28774427]
    HEK293 IC50
    48 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
    		[PMID: 21190857]
    HEK293 IC50
    600 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human HEK293 cells to IC50 for chloroquine, pyrimethamine, and mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2
    Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human HEK293 cells to IC50 for chloroquine, pyrimethamine, and mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2
    		[PMID: 21155593]
    HEK293 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by alamar blue dye based fluorescence assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by alamar blue dye based fluorescence assay
    		[PMID: 36799121]
    HEK293 IC50
    > 1000 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red dye based analysis
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red dye based analysis
    		[PMID: 33666415]
    HEK293 IC50
    > 120 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 27212070]
    HEK293 IC50
    > 40 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 72 hrs by resazurin dye based assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells incubated for 72 hrs by resazurin dye based assay
    		[PMID: 31961680]
    HEL CC50
    58.5 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HEL cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability by colorimetric formazan-based MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HEL cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability by colorimetric formazan-based MTS assay
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    HEL 299 CC50
    33.6 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against HEL 299 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 1 to 2 hrs by MTS colorimetric assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEL 299 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 1 to 2 hrs by MTS colorimetric assay
    		[PMID: 35571875]
    HFF-1 GI50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ, 1
    Antiproliferative activity against human HFF1 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HFF1 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 24184076]
    HL-60 GI50
    128 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 23266185]
    HL-60 IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29398445]
    HMEC-1 CC50
    > 32000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20797868]
    HMEC-1 CC50
    > 38 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25311562]
    HMEC-1 IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against SV40 large T-antigen 38 immortalized HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against SV40 large T-antigen 38 immortalized HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 28128956]
    HMEC-1 IC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 26081764]
    HMEC-1 IC50
    > 32000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 18562202]
    HMEC-1 IC50
    > 38 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25497962]
    HMEC-1 IC50
    > 38000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 22901673]
    HMEC-1 IC50
    > 38000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HMEC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 22917857]
    HMEC-1 IC50
    > 40 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity in human HMEC1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity in human HMEC1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30996801]
    HT-1080 ED50
    6.5 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 8450319]
    HT-29 IC50
    3.6 μM
    Compound: CQ, Lys01
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25699157]
    HT-29 IC50
    58000 ng/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 9644053]
    HUVEC CC50
    31.5 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against HUVEC cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
    Cytotoxicity against HUVEC cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
    		[PMID: 34116159]
    HeLa CC50
    > 1000 μg/mL
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxic activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxic activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25920564]
    HeLa EC50
    19.6 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Inhibition of lysosomal acidification in human HeLa cells incubated for 3 hrs by LysoTracker Red DND-99 staining based array scan method
    Inhibition of lysosomal acidification in human HeLa cells incubated for 3 hrs by LysoTracker Red DND-99 staining based array scan method
    		[PMID: 32356659]
    HeLa EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B4 infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    Antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B4 infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    HeLa EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiviral activity against Respiratory syncytial virus infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    Antiviral activity against Respiratory syncytial virus infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    HeLa EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiviral activity against Vesicular stomatitis virus infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    Antiviral activity against Vesicular stomatitis virus infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    HeLa GI50
    18.6 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 10% FBS supplemented DMEM medium
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 10% FBS supplemented DMEM medium
    		[PMID: 19748786]
    HeLa GI50
    2.1 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 100 uM ZnCl2
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 100 uM ZnCl2
    		[PMID: 19748786]
    HeLa GI50
    4.4 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 50 uM CuCl2
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 50 uM CuCl2
    		[PMID: 19748786]
    HeLa GI50
    5.3 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 10 uM CuCl2
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 10 uM CuCl2
    		[PMID: 19748786]
    HeLa GI50
    5.6 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 50 uM ZnCl2
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 50 uM ZnCl2
    		[PMID: 19748786]
    HeLa GI50
    6.1 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 1 uM CuCl2
    Growth inhibition of human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 1 uM CuCl2
    		[PMID: 19748786]
    HeLa IC50
    12.48 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV1 lentiviral particles infected in human HeLa cells incubated for 48 hrs by spectrofluorometry
    Antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV1 lentiviral particles infected in human HeLa cells incubated for 48 hrs by spectrofluorometry
    		[PMID: 22858300]
    HeLa IC50
    18 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by Coulter counter analysis
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by Coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    HeLa IC50
    29.96 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 26602827]
    HeLa IC50
    8.54 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell growth inhibition
    		[PMID: 33989911]
    HeLa IC50
    9.665 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell survival after 7 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell survival after 7 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 17768052]
    HeLa IC50
    9.67 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 7 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 7 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21489789]
    HeLa IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 22858300]
    HeLa IC50
    > 1000 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red dye based analysis
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red dye based analysis
    		[PMID: 33666415]
    Hep 3B2 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34558909]
    HepG2 CC50
    1.6 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter-glo assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 25791675]
    HepG2 CC50
    137.42 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30199706]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21741131]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21852132]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 22608675]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 22889559]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24858543]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24946216]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25282267]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25791675]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27155463]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27654395]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34364164]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37857143]
    HepG2 CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38452406]
    HepG2 CC50
    393 μM
    Compound: 4
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29324340]
    HepG2 CC50
    398 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38290351]
    HepG2 CC50
    504.1 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23353738]
    HepG2 CC50
    810 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24469080]
    HepG2 CC50
    > 1000 μg/mL
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxic activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxic activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25920564]
    HepG2 CC50
    > 200 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37130472]
    HepG2 CC50
    > 30 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
    		[PMID: 33620219]
    HepG2 EC50
    10.1 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
    		[PMID: 29800827]
    HepG2 EC50
    10430 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 32959656]
    HepG2 EC50
    25 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as intracellular ATP level after 72 hrs by Celltiter-Glo luminescent assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as intracellular ATP level after 72 hrs by Celltiter-Glo luminescent assay
    		[PMID: 21910466]
    HepG2 EC50
    384 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29879353]
    HepG2 EC50
    > 10000 nM
    Compound: 36
    Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium berghei sporozoites infected in 12 hrs compound pretreated human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viability of exoerythrocytic forms measured after 48 hrs of incubation by luciferase bioluminescence assay
    Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium berghei sporozoites infected in 12 hrs compound pretreated human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viability of exoerythrocytic forms measured after 48 hrs of incubation by luciferase bioluminescence assay
    		[PMID: 24641010]
    HepG2 EC50
    > 25 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells
    		[PMID: 25316317]
    HepG2 GI50
    22.16 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by lactate dehydrogenase assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by lactate dehydrogenase assay
    		[PMID: 21882831]
    HepG2 GI50
    43.09 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 48 hrs by LDH assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth after 48 hrs by LDH assay
    		[PMID: 25684422]
    HepG2 IC50
    116 μM
    Compound: CHL, CLQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 22380766]
    HepG2 IC50
    116 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 22321992]
    HepG2 IC50
    12.9 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
    		[PMID: 21190857]
    HepG2 IC50
    12020 ng/mL
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25654185]
    HepG2 IC50
    1650 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 after 48 hrs by DAPI staining-based immunofluorescence analysis
    Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii 17X NL sporozoites infected in human HepG2 cells expressing CD81 after 48 hrs by DAPI staining-based immunofluorescence analysis
    		[PMID: 25791675]
    HepG2 IC50
    25 μM
    Compound: CQ, chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 26135471]
    HepG2 IC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19482476]
    HepG2 IC50
    30 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 17981462]
    HepG2 IC50
    30 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19926173]
    HepG2 IC50
    37577 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 24 to 36 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells measured after 24 to 36 hrs by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
    		[PMID: 30852885]
    HepG2 IC50
    37577 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 32390431]
    HepG2 IC50
    37577 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34111350]
    HepG2 IC50
    384 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33158577]
    HepG2 IC50
    415 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human HepG2 cells to IC50 for chloroquine, pyrimethamine, and mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2
    Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human HepG2 cells to IC50 for chloroquine, pyrimethamine, and mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2
    		[PMID: 21155593]
    HepG2 IC50
    49.02 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Anticancer activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34303874]
    HepG2 IC50
    73.7 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red dye based analysis
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by neutral red dye based analysis
    		[PMID: 33666415]
    HepG2 IC50
    8.3 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 21155593]
    HepG2 IC50
    9 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium berghei yoelii infected in human HepG2 cells
    Antimalarial activity against sporozoite stage of Plasmodium berghei yoelii infected in human HepG2 cells
    		[PMID: 26640981]
    HepG2 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antimalarial activity against exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs
    Antimalarial activity against exo-erythrocytic form of Plasmodium berghei infected in human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs
    		[PMID: 24904967]
    HepG2 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs
    		[PMID: 24904967]
    HepG2 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34558909]
    Hepatocyte IC50
    1900 nM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat hepatocytes
    Cytotoxicity against rat hepatocytes
    		[PMID: 16434194]
    Hepatocyte IC50
    200 μM
    Compound: 13 Chloroquine
    Inhibition of apamin-sensitive SKCa channel of guinea-pig hepatocytes
    Inhibition of apamin-sensitive SKCa channel of guinea-pig hepatocytes
    		[PMID: 15225721]
    Huh-7 CC50
    12.42 μM
    Compound: GNF-Pf-4216
    NOVARTIS: Cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7)
    NOVARTIS: Cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7)
    		[PMID: 18579783]
    Huh-7 CC50
    58.51 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells infected with ZIKV MR766 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 30 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells infected with ZIKV MR766 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 30 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 36623328]
    Huh-7 CC50
    75.49 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells infected with USUV 3345 isolate Arb276 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 20 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells infected with USUV 3345 isolate Arb276 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 20 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 36623328]
    Huh-7 CC50
    > 100 μg/mL
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36306538]
    Huh-7 CC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: 1; CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells incubated for 1 hr by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Huh-7 cells incubated for 1 hr by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 32845145]
    Huh-7 IC50
    15.9 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei liver stage form transfected in human Huh-7 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
    Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei liver stage form transfected in human Huh-7 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
    		[PMID: 23273038]
    Huh-7 IC50
    > 15 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium berghei expressing GFP-Luc infected in HuH7 cells incubated at 1 hr prior to infection followed by compound replenisment at 24 hrs post-infection measured after 48 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Antiplasmodial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium berghei expressing GFP-Luc infected in HuH7 cells incubated at 1 hr prior to infection followed by compound replenisment at 24 hrs post-infection measured after 48 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 23290049]
    J774 EC50
    47.2 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells
    Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells
    		[PMID: 27291102]
    J774 EC50
    47.2 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter-96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay
    		[PMID: 29215279]
    J774.1 IC50
    18.4 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse J774.1 cells after 24 hrs by AlamarBlue based cytotoxicity assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse J774.1 cells after 24 hrs by AlamarBlue based cytotoxicity assay
    		[PMID: 27316542]
    Jurkat IC50
    95 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells after 20 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry
    Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells after 20 hrs by propidium iodide staining based flow cytometry
    		[PMID: 29398445]
    Jurkat E6.1 IC50
    83.64 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat E6-1 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat E6-1 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29398445]
    K562 CC50
    9.7 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as radioactive thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as radioactive thymidine incorporation after 24 hrs
    		[PMID: 18680278]
    K562 CC50
    > 25000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20797868]
    K562 IC50
    25.3 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Toxicity in human K562 cells assessed as effect on cell growth measured after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation based assay
    Toxicity in human K562 cells assessed as effect on cell growth measured after 24 hrs by [3H]thymidine incorporation based assay
    		[PMID: 32687714]
    K562 IC50
    29030 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 18562202]
    K562 IC50
    32 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by flow cytometry
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by flow cytometry
    		[PMID: 19482476]
    K562 IC50
    32 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by flow cytometry
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by flow cytometry
    		[PMID: 19926173]
    K562 IC50
    43.8 μg/mL
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) K562 cells by Sulphorhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) K562 cells by Sulphorhodamine B assay
    		10.1007/s00044-011-9694-1
    KB CC50
    187 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    		[PMID: 17548196]
    KB CC50
    44 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 20014857]
    KB ED50
    17.4 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 11421741]
    KB ED50
    17.4 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    		[PMID: 16933872]
    KB ED50
    17.4 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 8450319]
    KB ED50
    260 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    		[PMID: 18278859]
    KB ED50
    30.8 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 16562832]
    KB ED50
    33700 nM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 9917283]
    KB IC50
    110 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 18215443]
    KB IC50
    17400 ng/mL
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    		[PMID: 8759172]
    KB IC50
    17400 ng/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    		[PMID: 1294700]
    KB IC50
    17400 ng/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    		[PMID: 9134742]
    KB IC50
    20.4 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 11809075]
    KB IC50
    22.5 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 19879150]
    KB IC50
    27 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) replication in KB cells
    Inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) replication in KB cells
    		[PMID: 2838633]
    KB IC50
    34 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 24900724]
    KB IC50
    35.95 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as growth inhibition
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as growth inhibition
    		[PMID: 21705220]
    KB IC50
    51.4 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    		[PMID: 12398543]
    KB IC50
    85 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    In vitro cytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) HF strain in infected KB cells
    In vitro cytotoxicity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) HF strain in infected KB cells
    		[PMID: 2838633]
    KB IC50
    97.48 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells
    		[PMID: 18774709]
    KB IC50
    97725.5 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KB cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24148834]
    KB-V1 ED50
    7.8 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human KBV1 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human KBV1 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 8450319]
    L02 IC50
    15 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Anticancer activity against human L02 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Anticancer activity against human L02 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34303874]
    L1210 IC50
    15 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by Coulter counter analysis
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by Coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    L6 CC50
    92.8 μM
    Compound: CHQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cels assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue dye-based fluorometric analysis
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cels assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue dye-based fluorometric analysis
    		[PMID: 30615444]
    L6 IC50
    0.007 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 24056020]
    L6 IC50
    0.11 μg/mL
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine and pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 infected in rat L6 cells assessed as [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation after 48 hrs by liquid scintillation counting
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine and pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 infected in rat L6 cells assessed as [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation after 48 hrs by liquid scintillation counting
    		[PMID: 22352841]
    L6 IC50
    0.178 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 infected in rat L6 cells assessed as inhibition of parasite growth preincubated for 48 hrs before [3H]hypoxanthine addition measured after 24 hrs by [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation assay
    Antiparasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 infected in rat L6 cells assessed as inhibition of parasite growth preincubated for 48 hrs before [3H]hypoxanthine addition measured after 24 hrs by [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation assay
    		[PMID: 21937228]
    L6 IC50
    0.23 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiparasitic activity against chloroquine, pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 erythrocyte stage infected rat L6 cells
    Antiparasitic activity against chloroquine, pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 erythrocyte stage infected rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 17949068]
    L6 IC50
    0.25 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine and pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 infected in rat L6 cells
    Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine and pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 infected in rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 19942439]
    L6 IC50
    116.9 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 19409677]
    L6 IC50
    116.9 μM
    Compound: chl
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 33148495]
    L6 IC50
    117 mM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 23871911]
    L6 IC50
    117 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 17948982]
    L6 IC50
    117 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 18841956]
    L6 IC50
    117 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 19267462]
    L6 IC50
    117 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 19606902]
    L6 IC50
    117 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 19928900]
    L6 IC50
    120 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 27156774]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 17178177]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 27344215]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity in rat L6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity in rat L6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 30962114]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: Ch
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 25746816]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: Chl
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 17698258]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: Chl
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 19395265]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: Chl
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by microplate fluorometry
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by microplate fluorometry
    		[PMID: 23880082]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: chl
    Cytotoxicity against L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against L6 cells
    		[PMID: 16889962]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: chl
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by microplate assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by microplate assay
    		[PMID: 17544672]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: chl
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 20709557]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: chl
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 22136906]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 19879671]
    L6 IC50
    188.5 μM
    Compound: chloroquine (chl)
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by microplate alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by microplate alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 18502136]
    L6 IC50
    43.1 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Toxicity against rat L6 cells
    Toxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 19781948]
    L6 IC50
    7.7 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against L6 cells
    		[PMID: 17280835]
    L6 IC50
    70.1 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells
    		[PMID: 19091562]
    L6 IC50
    76.5 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
    		[PMID: 23795673]
    L6 IC50
    76.5 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as cell viability after 70 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as cell viability after 70 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 24268543]
    L6 IC50
    76.5 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 3 days by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 3 days by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 24956553]
    L6 IC50
    78 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 25195945]
    L6 IC50
    90.92 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 28031151]
    L6 IC50
    90.92 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue staining based fluorometric assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue staining based fluorometric assay
    		[PMID: 28279559]
    L6 IC50
    91 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 28284860]
    L6 IC50
    91 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by Alamar blue based inverted microscopy analysis
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by Alamar blue based inverted microscopy analysis
    		[PMID: 31784198]
    L929 EC50
    18.6 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 16854076]
    L929 IC50
    14 μg/mL
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 5 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 5 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 18922036]
    LN-229 IC50
    3.6 μM
    Compound: CQ, Lys01
    Cytotoxicity against human LN229 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human LN229 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25699157]
    LNCaP ED50
    14.3 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 8450319]
    LNCaP IC50
    32.87 μM
    Compound: CQ, chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 26135471]
    Lymphocyte IC50
    12000 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against C57B1/6J mouse splenic lymphocyte after 24 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against C57B1/6J mouse splenic lymphocyte after 24 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 20088608]
    Lymphocyte IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human lymphocytes after 24 to 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human lymphocytes after 24 to 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29398445]
    MCF-10A GI50
    81.26 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19804979]
    MCF-10A GI50
    81.26 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 20561720]
    MCF-10A GI50
    81.26 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 20106668]
    MCF7 CC50
    19 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells
    		10.1039/C1MD00127B
    MCF7 CC50
    19.4 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 20014857]
    MCF7 CC50
    19.4 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by XTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by XTT assay
    		[PMID: 24594524]
    MCF7 CC50
    19.4 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by XTT reduction assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by XTT reduction assay
    		[PMID: 24686013]
    MCF7 GI50
    38.44 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19804979]
    MCF7 GI50
    38.44 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53+/- MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53+/- MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 20561720]
    MCF7 GI50
    38.44 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 20106668]
    MCF7 GI50
    64.35 μM
    Compound: CQ, 1
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 24184076]
    MCF7 IC50
    12 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation
    		[PMID: 18512987]
    MCF7 IC50
    13.2 μM
    Compound: 8
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells measured after 2 days by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells measured after 2 days by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 35231830]
    MCF7 IC50
    23.43 μM
    Compound: CQ, chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 26135471]
    MCF7 IC50
    36.1 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19892554]
    MCF7 IC50
    38.44 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 28586716]
    MCF7 IC50
    > 100 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthin incorporation after 24 to 72 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as [3H]hypoxanthin incorporation after 24 to 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 19296616]
    MDA-MB-231 GI50
    22.52 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19804979]
    MDA-MB-231 GI50
    22.52 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53, pRB mutant and estrogen receptor deficient MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53, pRB mutant and estrogen receptor deficient MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 20561720]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    22.52 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 28586716]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    36.53 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 26602827]
    MDA-MB-361 IC50
    97 μM
    Compound: CQ, chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-361 cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-361 cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 26135471]
    MDA-MB-468 GI50
    28.58 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19804979]
    MDA-MB-468 GI50
    28.58 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 20106668]
    MDA-MB-468 IC50
    10.6 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-Glo assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-Glo assay
    		[PMID: 33200929]
    MDA-MB-468 IC50
    19.86 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-468 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 26602827]
    MDA-MB-468 IC50
    28.58 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 28586716]
    MDCK CC50
    55.6 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability by colorimetric formazan-based MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability by colorimetric formazan-based MTS assay
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    MIA PaCa-2 EC50
    14 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 28105281]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    3.5 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells
    		[PMID: 30125720]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    > 30 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36692906]
    MKN-28 GI50
    44.44 μM
    Compound: CQ, 1
    Antiproliferative activity against human MKN28 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MKN28 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 24184076]
    MRC5 CC50
    50 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human diploid embryonic lung MRC5 cells by colorimetric MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human diploid embryonic lung MRC5 cells by colorimetric MTT assay
    		[PMID: 16263280]
    MRC5 CC50
    50 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 7 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 7 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 18226428]
    MRC5 CC50
    50 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity of compound was tested on human diploid embryonic lung cell line (MRC-5)
    Cytotoxicity of compound was tested on human diploid embryonic lung cell line (MRC-5)
    		[PMID: 12570376]
    MRC5 CC50
    50 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human diploid embryonic lung cell line (MRC5 cells) using the colorimetric MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human diploid embryonic lung cell line (MRC5 cells) using the colorimetric MTT assay
    		[PMID: 14552779]
    MRC5 CC50
    50 μM
    Compound: chloroquine(CQ)
    Cytotoxic effect on human diploid embryonic lung cell line (MRC-5) using the colorimetric MTT assay
    Cytotoxic effect on human diploid embryonic lung cell line (MRC-5) using the colorimetric MTT assay
    		[PMID: 15357968]
    MRC5 CC50
    50000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Toxicity against MRC5 cell line
    Toxicity against MRC5 cell line
    		[PMID: 16913719]
    MRC5 IC50
    50 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity tests were performed on a human diploid embryonic lung cell line (MRC5) using the colorimetric MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity tests were performed on a human diploid embryonic lung cell line (MRC5) using the colorimetric MTT assay
    		[PMID: 12182868]
    MRC5 IC50
    50000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 5 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 5 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 18819813]
    MRC5 IC50
    58.2 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition and measured after 2 days by WST-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition and measured after 2 days by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 35512262]
    MRC5 IC50
    64 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 after 3 days
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 after 3 days
    		[PMID: 20329733]
    MRC5 IC50
    > 25 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 38421618]
    Mahlavu IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human Mahlavu cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Mahlavu cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34558909]
    NCH89 IC50
    41.2 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against human carmustine-resistant NCH-89 cells assessed as BrdU incorporation after 48 hrs
    Antiproliferative activity against human carmustine-resistant NCH-89 cells assessed as BrdU incorporation after 48 hrs
    		[PMID: 20329733]
    NCI-H460 IC50
    52 μM
    Compound: CQ, Lys01
    Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method
    Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells after 72 hrs by SRB method
    		[PMID: 25699157]
    NFF IC50
    31.72 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells assessed as growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells assessed as growth inhibition incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 37972998]
    NFF IC50
    34 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 22269277]
    NFF IC50
    36.7 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 39241483]
    NFF IC50
    37.3 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 23117170]
    NFF IC50
    45900 nM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 24900794]
    NFF IC50
    46608 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells
    		[PMID: 30245402]
    NFF IC50
    > 1000 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells after 3 days by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells after 3 days by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 24084158]
    NIH3T3 IC50
    71954 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 22055713]
    NIH3T3 IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24077527]
    NSC CC50
    94.95 μM
    Compound: 38
    Cytotoxicity against human NSC after 5 days by CellTiter Blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NSC after 5 days by CellTiter Blue assay
    		[PMID: 31549836]
    P388 ED50
    > 5 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells after 2 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 8450319]
    PANC-1 IC50
    > 30 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC-1 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC-1 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36692906]
    PBMC IC50
    5.1 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiproliferative activity against PHA-stimulated human PBMC after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against PHA-stimulated human PBMC after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 18222568]
    Panc02 IC50
    > 30 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiproliferative activity against mouse Panc02 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against mouse Panc02 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36692906]
    Peritoneal macrophage cell CC50
    88.6 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against mouse peritoneal macrophages after 48 hrs by trypan blue exclusion method
    Cytotoxicity against mouse peritoneal macrophages after 48 hrs by trypan blue exclusion method
    		[PMID: 21724395]
    Raji EC50
    > 25 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells
    Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells
    		[PMID: 25316317]
    SH-SY5Y CC50
    30 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29559198]
    SK-BR-3 IC50
    50.37 μM
    Compound: CQ, chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human SKBR3 cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    Cytotoxicity against human SKBR3 cells assessed as reduction in cell number incubated for 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 26135471]
    SK-MEL-2 ED50
    > 20 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 8450319]
    SW480 IC50
    14.7 μM
    Compound: 8
    Antiproliferative activity against human SW480 cells measured after 3 days by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human SW480 cells measured after 3 days by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 35231830]
    ScN2a EC50
    4 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Half maximal inhibition of Prion protein PrPsc formation was assayed in ScN2a cells
    Half maximal inhibition of Prion protein PrPsc formation was assayed in ScN2a cells
    		[PMID: 12904059]
    ScN2a EC50
    4000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Inhibition of scrapie prion formation in mouse ScN2a cell line relative to control
    Inhibition of scrapie prion formation in mouse ScN2a cell line relative to control
    		[PMID: 16913719]
    Splenocyte IC50
    3.46 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against concanavalin-stimulated BALB/c mouse splenocytes after 72 hrs by resazurin dye reduction method
    Cytotoxicity against concanavalin-stimulated BALB/c mouse splenocytes after 72 hrs by resazurin dye reduction method
    		[PMID: 19908867]
    THP-1 IC50
    40 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry
    Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells after 72 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometry
    		[PMID: 19748781]
    THP-1 IC50
    40 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 19914747]
    THP-1 IC50
    40 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells using propidium iodide staining after 72 hrs by flow cytometry
    Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells using propidium iodide staining after 72 hrs by flow cytometry
    		[PMID: 20638854]
    THP-1 IC50
    40 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human THP1 cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 17981462]
    THP-1 IC50
    57 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human THP1 cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum
    Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human THP1 cells to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum
    		[PMID: 19748781]
    Vero CC50
    112.44 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37556947]
    Vero CC50
    114.8 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells infected with USUV 3345 isolate Arb276 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 20 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells infected with USUV 3345 isolate Arb276 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 20 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 36623328]
    Vero CC50
    125 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 26338359]
    Vero CC50
    125.9 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23354072]
    Vero CC50
    135.8 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells infected with ZIKV MR766 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 30 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells infected with ZIKV MR766 pretreated with virus for 1 hr followed by infection of cells with compound treated-virus for 30 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 36623328]
    Vero CC50
    138.4 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37163950]
    Vero CC50
    187 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 3 days by fluorescence based assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 3 days by fluorescence based assay
    		[PMID: 37054559]
    Vero CC50
    226 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells measured after 3 days by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells measured after 3 days by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
    		[PMID: 28319782]
    Vero CC50
    226.7 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells
    		[PMID: 33333397]
    Vero CC50
    235109 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero C1008 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero C1008 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23270565]
    Vero CC50
    35.8 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37130472]
    Vero CC50
    412 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    		[PMID: 28068604]
    Vero CC50
    412 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by XTT assay
    		[PMID: 28092859]
    Vero CC50
    513 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37163950]
    Vero CC50
    684.68 μM
    Compound: 16, CQ
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 2 days by resazurin assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 2 days by resazurin assay
    		[PMID: 25147607]
    Vero CC50
    75 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 28763644]
    Vero CC50
    75000 ng/mL
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23182089]
    Vero CC50
    86.75 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against African monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37163950]
    Vero CC50
    89 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 23215460]
    Vero CC50
    89 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 5 days by MTS/PMS method
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 5 days by MTS/PMS method
    		[PMID: 29336951]
    Vero CC50
    89 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells by MTS/PMS assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells by MTS/PMS assay
    		[PMID: 29499487]
    Vero CC50
    89 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30681849]
    Vero CC50
    89 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against non-infected African green monkey Vero cells after 7 days by MTS/PMS method
    Cytotoxicity against non-infected African green monkey Vero cells after 7 days by MTS/PMS method
    		[PMID: 24800626]
    Vero CC50
    89 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of overall cell metabolism after 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of overall cell metabolism after 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 24926807]
    Vero CC50
    89 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell metabolism after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of cell metabolism after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 25946116]
    Vero CC50
    94.95 μM
    Compound: 38
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 5 days by CellTiter Blue assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 5 days by CellTiter Blue assay
    		[PMID: 31549836]
    Vero CC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 4
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells incubated for 3 days
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells incubated for 3 days
    		[PMID: 32539378]
    Vero CC50
    > 150 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cell viability measured by CellTiter-Glo assay in Vero cells at MOI 0.05 after 72hr
    Cell viability measured by CellTiter-Glo assay in Vero cells at MOI 0.05 after 72hr
    		10.1101/2020.03.20.999730
    Vero CC50
    > 25 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 betaCoV/KOR/KCDC03/2020 assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 betaCoV/KOR/KCDC03/2020 assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay
    		[PMID: 33160024]
    Vero CC50
    > 25 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells
    		[PMID: 36870624]
    Vero CC50
    > 500 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells measured after 72 hrs by resazurin assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells measured after 72 hrs by resazurin assay
    		[PMID: 30469040]
    Vero CC50
    > 500 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 3 days by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 3 days by resazurin dye based fluorescence assay
    		[PMID: 29940466]
    Vero EC50
    10 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cell death after 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cell death after 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 24926807]
    Vero EC50
    10 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against chikungunya virus Indian ocean strain 899 infected in Vero cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect after 6 to 7 days
    Antiviral activity against chikungunya virus Indian ocean strain 899 infected in Vero cells assessed as virus-induced cytopathic effect after 6 to 7 days
    		[PMID: 25970561]
    Vero EC50
    11 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 23215460]
    Vero EC50
    11 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus HRsp infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus HRsp infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 23215460]
    Vero EC50
    11 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus Indian Ocean strain 899 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTS assay
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus Indian Ocean strain 899 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as protection against virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30681849]
    Vero EC50
    11 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus Indian Ocean strain 899 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 7 days by MTS/PMS method
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus Indian Ocean strain 899 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 7 days by MTS/PMS method
    		[PMID: 24800626]
    Vero EC50
    11 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus HRsp infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cell death after 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus HRsp infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cell death after 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 24926807]
    Vero EC50
    11 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus strain 899 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cell death measured after 7 days
    Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus strain 899 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cell death measured after 7 days
    		[PMID: 25946116]
    Vero EC50
    11 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus strain HRsp infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cell death measured after 7 days
    Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus strain HRsp infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cell death measured after 7 days
    		[PMID: 25946116]
    Vero EC50
    12 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Zika virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method
    Antiviral activity against Zika virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method
    		[PMID: 28068604]
    Vero EC50
    12 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Zika virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method
    Antiviral activity against Zika virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral RNA replication after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method
    		[PMID: 28092859]
    Vero EC50
    13.8 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus Vietnam infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cell death after 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus Vietnam infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cell death after 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 24926807]
    Vero EC50
    14 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect incubated for 6 to 7 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 23215460]
    Vero EC50
    14 μM
    Compound: chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus strain Vietnam infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cell death measured after 7 days
    Antiviral activity against Semliki forest virus strain Vietnam infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus induced cell death measured after 7 days
    		[PMID: 25946116]
    Vero EC50
    16 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Antiviral activity against Ebolavirus H. sapiens-wt/1995/Kikwit-9510621 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection pretreated for 2 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 48 hrs by EboV GP immunostaining based high content imaging analysis
    Antiviral activity against Ebolavirus H. sapiens-wt/1995/Kikwit-9510621 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection pretreated for 2 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 48 hrs by EboV GP immunostaining based high content imaging analysis
    		[PMID: 30408747]
    Vero EC50
    9.82 μM
    Compound: 38
    Antiviral activity against Zika virus MR 766 infected in African green monkey Vero cells measured 5 days post infection by CellTiter Blue assay
    Antiviral activity against Zika virus MR 766 infected in African green monkey Vero cells measured 5 days post infection by CellTiter Blue assay
    		[PMID: 31549836]
    Vero EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B4 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    Antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B4 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    Vero EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiviral activity against Parainfluenza virus 3 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    Antiviral activity against Parainfluenza virus 3 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    Vero EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiviral activity against Punta Toro virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    Antiviral activity against Punta Toro virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    Vero EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiviral activity against Reovirus-1 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    Antiviral activity against Reovirus-1 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    Vero EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1, CQ
    Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect by visual scoring analysis
    		[PMID: 26114811]
    Vero IC50
    125 ng/mL
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs by Malstat reagent method
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs by Malstat reagent method
    		[PMID: 19914074]
    Vero IC50
    17 ng/mL
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs by Malstat reagent method
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs by Malstat reagent method
    		[PMID: 19914074]
    Vero IC50
    21 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 23727538]
    Vero IC50
    234.47 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 26748697]
    Vero IC50
    234470 nM
    Compound: 2; CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells
    		[PMID: 26421992]
    Vero IC50
    48.5 μg/mL
    Compound: Chloroquinec
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 18855442]
    Vero IC50
    484 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 19833520]
    Vero IC50
    5.2 ng/mL
    Compound: CQ
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells after 72 hrs by twofold serial dilution method
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells after 72 hrs by twofold serial dilution method
    		[PMID: 19665899]
    Vero IC50
    50 nM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs
    Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 19833520]
    Vero IC50
    7.28 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (viral titer) measured by plaque assay in Vero cells at MOI 0.0125 after 24 hr
    Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (viral titer) measured by plaque assay in Vero cells at MOI 0.0125 after 24 hr
    		10.1101/2020.03.20.999730
    Vero IC50
    > 10 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquinine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey kidney Vero cells
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey kidney Vero cells
    		[PMID: 15165136]
    Vero IC50
    > 14.88 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by neutral red uptake assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by neutral red uptake assay
    		[PMID: 27936446]
    Vero IC50
    > 4.7 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against Vero cells
    Cytotoxicity against Vero cells
    		[PMID: 17134906]
    Vero IC50
    > 50000 nM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells
    		[PMID: 22766218]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    249.5 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero E6 cells by CCK8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero E6 cells by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 33609889]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    261 μM
    Compound: 1; CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells by the MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells by the MTS assay
    		[PMID: 32845145]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    377.7 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
    		[PMID: 37329713]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    83.4 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 1 to 2 hrs by MTS colorimetric assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 1 to 2 hrs by MTS colorimetric assay
    		[PMID: 35571875]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells by CCK-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 33486200]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1; CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells by the CCK8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells by the CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 32845145]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction of cell viability measured after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction of cell viability measured after 48 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 32563814]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 48 hrs by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 32771797]
    Vero C1008 CC50
    > 128 μM
    Compound: 1; CQ
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells incubated for 3 days by the MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells incubated for 3 days by the MTS assay
    		[PMID: 32845145]
    Vero C1008 EC50
    1.13 μM
    Compound: 1
    Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication measured after 48 hrs by qRT-PCR assay
    Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication measured after 48 hrs by qRT-PCR assay
    		[PMID: 33486200]
    Vero C1008 EC50
    5.47 μM
    Compound: 1
    Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication measured upto 48 hrs by qRT-PCR assay
    Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication measured upto 48 hrs by qRT-PCR assay
    		[PMID: 33486200]
    Vero C1008 ED50
    4.4 μM
    Compound: 1
    Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication by measuring effective dose measured after 18 hrs by immunofluorescence staining based assay
    Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected in Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction in viral replication by measuring effective dose measured after 18 hrs by immunofluorescence staining based assay
    		[PMID: 33486200]
    WEHI ED50
    9.7 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against mouse WEHI cell line by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse WEHI cell line by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 16890433]
    WI-38 CC50
    8.5 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human WI38 cells assessed as reduction in cellular DNA level preincubated for 2 hrs before viral infection measured after 7 days by real time PCR assay
    Cytotoxicity against human WI38 cells assessed as reduction in cellular DNA level preincubated for 2 hrs before viral infection measured after 7 days by real time PCR assay
    		[PMID: 17893158]
    WI-38 EC50
    1.7 μM
    Compound: Chloroquine
    Antiviral activity against BKV Gardner ATCC VR837 infected in human WI38 cells assessed as reduction in viral DNA level preincubated for 2 hrs before viral infection measured after 7 days by real time PCR assay
    Antiviral activity against BKV Gardner ATCC VR837 infected in human WI38 cells assessed as reduction in viral DNA level preincubated for 2 hrs before viral infection measured after 7 days by real time PCR assay
    		[PMID: 17893158]
    WI-38 IC50
    3.63 μM
    Compound: CQ
    Cytotoxicity against human WI38 cells assessed as inhibition of proliferation after 24 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human WI38 cells assessed as inhibition of proliferation after 24 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 25461309]
    ZR-75-1 ED50
    1.2 μg/mL
    Compound: chloroquine
    Cytotoxicity against human ZR-75-1 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    Cytotoxicity against human ZR-75-1 cells after 3 days by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 8450319]
    In Vitro

    Chloroquine (CHQ, 20 μM) inhibits IL-12p70 release and reduces Th1-priming capacity of activated human monocyte-derived Langerhans-like cells (MoLC).
    Chloroquine (20 μM) enhances IL-1–induced IL-23 secretion in MoLC and subsequently increases IL-17A release by primed CD4+ T cells[1].
    Chloroquine (25 μM) suppresses MMP-9 mRNA expression in normoxia and hypoxia in parental MDA-MB-231 cells.
    Chloroquine has cell-, dose- and hypoxia-dependent effects on MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 mRNA expression[2].
    TLR7 and TLR9 inhibition using IRS-954 or chloroquine significantly reduces HuH7 cell proliferation in vitro[3].
    Chloroquine (0.01-100 μM; 48 hours) potently blocked virus infection (vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2) at low-micromolar concentration (EC50=1.13 μM).
    Chloroquine blocks virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, as well as interfering with the glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Chloroquine Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Chloroquine (80 mg/kg, i.p.) does not prevent the growth of the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells with high or low TLR9 expression levels in the orthotopic mouse model[2].
    TLR7 and TLR9 inhibition using IRS-954 or chloroquine significantly inhibits tumour growth in the mouse xenograft model. HCC development in the DEN/NMOR rat model is also significantly inhibited by Chloroquine[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Molecular Weight

    319.87

    Formula

    C18H26ClN3
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to light yellow

    SMILES

    CC(NC1=CC=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C12)CCCN(CC)CC
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    4°C, protect from light

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 200 mg/mL (625.25 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Ethanol : 100 mg/mL (312.63 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.1263 mL 15.6314 mL 31.2627 mL
    5 mM 0.6253 mL 3.1263 mL 6.2525 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (15.63 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (15.63 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  50% PEG300    50% Saline

      Solubility: 10 mg/mL (31.26 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 44°C

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  15% Cremophor EL    85% Saline

      Solubility: 10 mg/mL (31.26 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.50%

    SDS (393 KB)

    COA (243 KB) HNMR (138 KB) RP-HPLC (195 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    Ethanol / DMSO 1 mM 3.1263 mL 15.6314 mL 31.2627 mL 78.1568 mL
    5 mM 0.6253 mL 3.1263 mL 6.2525 mL 15.6314 mL
    10 mM 0.3126 mL 1.5631 mL 3.1263 mL 7.8157 mL
    15 mM 0.2084 mL 1.0421 mL 2.0842 mL 5.2105 mL
    20 mM 0.1563 mL 0.7816 mL 1.5631 mL 3.9078 mL
    25 mM 0.1251 mL 0.6253 mL 1.2505 mL 3.1263 mL
    30 mM 0.1042 mL 0.5210 mL 1.0421 mL 2.6052 mL
    40 mM 0.0782 mL 0.3908 mL 0.7816 mL 1.9539 mL
    50 mM 0.0625 mL 0.3126 mL 0.6253 mL 1.5631 mL
    60 mM 0.0521 mL 0.2605 mL 0.5210 mL 1.3026 mL
    80 mM 0.0391 mL 0.1954 mL 0.3908 mL 0.9770 mL
    100 mM 0.0313 mL 0.1563 mL 0.3126 mL 0.7816 mL
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    Chloroquine Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Chloroquine54-05-7ParasiteAutophagySARS-CoVToll-like Receptor (TLR)HIVAntibioticSARS coronavirusHuman immunodeficiency virusmalariainflammatoryrheumatoidarthritisSARS-CoV-2COVID-19infectionimmune-modulatingInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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