Vitamin D3
Based on 23 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol; Colecalciferol) is a naturally occuring form of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.94%
- CAS No.: 67-97-0
- Formula: C27H44O
- Molecular Weight:384.64
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Vitamin D3
More- Cell Metab. 2024 Nov 5;36(11):2402-2418.e10. [Abstract]
- Nat Chem Biol. 2022 Nov;18(11):1196-1203. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2024 Jan 1;14(1):436-450. [Abstract]
- Int J Oral Sci. 2022 Aug 1;14(1):39. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Apr 12;119(15):e2117004119. [Abstract]
- Small Methods. 2022 Mar;6(3):e2100763. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Dec 6. [Abstract]
- Mol Med. 2024 Nov 20;30(1):223. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Nov 9;81(1):448. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Mar 1:172:116235. [Abstract]
- Mol Nutr Food Res. 2022 Feb;66(3):e2100952. [Abstract]
- J Funct Foods. 2025 Mar.
- Virol Sin. 2024 Aug 19:S1995-820X(24)00134-2. [Abstract]
- ACS Chem Neurosci. 2025 Oct 26. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 9;15(1):24657. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2023 Dec:143:109213. [Abstract]
- ACS Chem Biol. 2026 Apr 3;21(4):764-778.
- Clin Rheumatol. 2025 Feb;44(2):811-822. [Abstract]
- Theriogenology. 2022 Nov:193:68-76. [Abstract]
- Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2024 Nov:277:110839. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jul 12:2025.07.08.663754. [Abstract]
- Discover Electrochemistry. 2025 Jun6.
- bioRxiv. 2025 January 10.
Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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RT-PCR
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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IHC
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| C3H 10T1/2 | IC50 |
2.9 μM
Compound: 3, VD3
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Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as downregulation of Ptch mRNA expression after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as downregulation of Ptch mRNA expression after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
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[PMID: 24900716] |
| C3H 10T1/2 | IC50 |
2.9 μM
Compound: 3, VD3, Vitamin D3
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Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway-mediated PTCH mRNA expression in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway-mediated PTCH mRNA expression in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
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[PMID: 24730984] |
| C3H 10T1/2 | IC50 |
4.1 μM
Compound: 2, VD3, vitamin D3
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Inhibition of hedgehog signaling in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as reduction in Gli1 mRNA level after 24 hrs by quantitative PCR analysis
Inhibition of hedgehog signaling in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as reduction in Gli1 mRNA level after 24 hrs by quantitative PCR analysis
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[PMID: 25676864] |
| C3H 10T1/2 | IC50 |
4.1 μM
Compound: 3, VD3
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Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as downregulation of Gli1 mRNA expression after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as downregulation of Gli1 mRNA expression after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
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[PMID: 24900716] |
| C3H 10T1/2 | IC50 |
4.1 μM
Compound: 3, VD3, Vitamin D3
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Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway-mediated GLI1 mRNA expression in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway-mediated GLI1 mRNA expression in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
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[PMID: 24730984] |
| Daoy | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3, VD3
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Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in human DaOY cells assessed as downregulation of Gli1 mRNA expression after 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling in human DaOY cells assessed as downregulation of Gli1 mRNA expression after 48 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
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[PMID: 24900716] |
| Daoy | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3, VD3, Vitamin D3
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Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway-mediated GLI1 mRNA expression in human DaOY cells after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway-mediated GLI1 mRNA expression in human DaOY cells after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
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[PMID: 24730984] |
| Daoy | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 3, VD3, Vitamin D3
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Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway-mediated PTCH mRNA expression in human DaOY cells after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
Inhibition of hedgehog signaling pathway-mediated PTCH mRNA expression in human DaOY cells after 24 hrs by RT-PCR analysis
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[PMID: 24730984] |
| HEK293 | EC50 |
0.21 nM
Compound: VitD3
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Agonist activity at human VDR expressed in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human VDR expressed in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 25305688] |
| HT-29 | GI50 |
53.8 μM
Compound: 2, VD3
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Growth inhibition of human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTS-PMS assay
Growth inhibition of human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTS-PMS assay
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[PMID: 23972439] |
| HT-29 | GI50 |
68.5 μM
Compound: VD3
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Growth inhibition of human HT-29 cells overexpressing VDR gene after 72 hrs by MTS assay
Growth inhibition of human HT-29 cells overexpressing VDR gene after 72 hrs by MTS assay
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[PMID: 22687748] |
| Medulloblastoma cell | GI50 |
5.8 μM
Compound: 1; VD3
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Antiproliferative activity against medulloblastoma cells derived from conditional patched knockout mouse after 48 hrs by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay
Antiproliferative activity against medulloblastoma cells derived from conditional patched knockout mouse after 48 hrs by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay
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[PMID: 30471551] |
| U-87MG ATCC | GI50 |
23.2 μM
Compound: VD3
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Growth inhibition of human U87MG cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
Growth inhibition of human U87MG cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
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[PMID: 22687748] |
| U-87MG ATCC | IC50 |
29.7 μM
Compound: VD3
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Antiproliferative activity against human U87MG cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
Antiproliferative activity against human U87MG cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
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[PMID: 22226657] |
Vitamin D3 is an inactive vitamin D molecule in vivo. Vitamin D3 undergoes two hydroxylation processes to activate it. Vitamin D3 is first hydroxylated in the liver to form the circulating prohormone 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] by the enzyme 25-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and probably also by other enzymes (e.g., CYP2R1)[1].The second hydroxylation occurs in the kidneys via the enzyme 1-alpha-hydroxylase, yielding 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol), which is the biologically active form of vitamin D[1].Vitamin D3 (2-10 μM; 24-48 hours) exhibits anti-proliferative effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Maximal reduction of viability post-treatment of 62% (IK), 52% (RL-95-2), and 55% (Hec-1A) occurs by 72 h of treatment with 10 μM Vitamin D3. but 24-hour exposure lacks significant reduction in viable cells[2].Cholecalciferol (10 μM; 24-48 hours) shows marked increases in nuclear VDR staining and produces local VDR activation in IK cells[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:EC cell lines from EEC, Ishikawa 3-H-12(IK), RL-95/2, and HEC-1-A cells
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Concentration:2-10 μM
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Incubation Time:24-72 hours
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Result:Reduced viability in response to VD3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner.Indicated that the conversion of VD3 to 25(OH)D is an essential step for the reduced cell viability effect.
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Cell Line:EC cell lines from EEC, Ishikawa 3-H-12(IK) cells
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Concentration:10 μM
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Incubation Time:24-48 hours
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Result:Improved nuclear VDR content in IK cells.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male ddY mice on CCl4 toxicity[3]
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Dosage:5 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage; 5 mg/kg; 7 days
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Result:Potentiated CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and enhanced mouse mortality, without increasing renal toxicity and generation of liver fibrosis.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 67-97-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 384.64
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Formula C27H44O
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[C@@]12[C@](CC[C@]2([H])[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)([H])/C(CCC1)=C/C=C3C(CC[C@@H](C\3)O)=C
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Synonyms
Cholecalciferol; Colecalciferol
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications (23)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Metab
Sensing steroid hormone 17α-hydroxypregnenolone by GPR56 enables protection from ferroptosis-induced liver injury. [Abstract]2024 Nov 5;36(11):2402-2418.e10. PMID: 39389061 -
Nat Chem Biol
2022 Nov;18(11):1196-1203. PMID: 35982227 -
Theranostics
Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) hijacks twist1 to inhibit vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Jan 1;14(1):436-450. PMID: 38164156
Vitamin D3 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2024 Jan 1;14(1):436-450. [Abstract]
Representative in vivo images of MHCC-97H-luc-tumor-bearing-BALB/c-nude mice with Vitamin D3 treatment (1500 IU/kg dissolved in absolute ethanol to the daily drinking water; continuously for 2 months) and quantified valuesare shown as relative luciferase activity.
Vitamin D3 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2024 Jan 1;14(1):436-450. [Abstract]
Representative images of CD31-PAS double staining, HE staining, IHC staining of VDBP, VE-cadherin, E-cadherin, MMP2 and MMP9 and PLA assays in liver tissues of MHCC-97H-luc-tumor-bearing-BALB/c-nude mice with Vitamin D3 treatment (1500 IU/kg dissolved in absolute ethanol to the daily drinking water; continuously for 2 months) .
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Int J Oral Sci
Targeted inhibition of osteoclastogenesis reveals the pathogenesis and therapeutics of bone loss under sympathetic neurostress. [Abstract]2022 Aug 1;14(1):39. PMID: 35915088 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2022 Apr 12;119(15):e2117004119. PMID: 35394864 -
Small Methods
Sympathetic Neurostress Drives Osteoblastic Exosomal MiR-21 Transfer to Disrupt Bone Homeostasis and Promote Osteopenia. [Abstract]2022 Mar;6(3):e2100763. PMID: 35312228 -
Cell Death Discov
2025 Dec 6. PMID: 41353172 -
Mol Med
Elabela alleviates cuproptosis and vascular calcification in vitaminD3- overloaded mice via regulation of the PPAR-γ /FDX1 signaling. [Abstract]2024 Nov 20;30(1):223. PMID: 39567863 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
Dapagliflozin targets SGLT2/SIRT1 signaling to attenuate the osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. [Abstract]2024 Nov 9;81(1):448. PMID: 39520538
Vitamin D3 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Nov 9;81(1):448. [Abstract]
Levels of calcium content and ALP activity in aortic tissues from Vitamin D3 (VitD3; 5×105 IU/kg; subcutaneous injection; three consecutive days)-overloaded mice.
Vitamin D3 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Nov 9;81(1):448. [Abstract]
SIRT1, HIF-1α, RUNX2, BMP2, α-SMA, and SM22α protein levels in the aortic tissues from Vitamin D3 (VitD3; 5×105 IU/kg; subcutaneous injection; three consecutive days)-overloaded mice were analyzed via Western immunoblotting.
Vitamin D3 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Nov 9;81(1):448. [Abstract]
RUNX2, BMP2, α-SMA, and SM22α mRNA levels were analyzed in aortic tissues from Vitamin D3 (VitD3; 5×105 IU/kg; subcutaneous injection; three consecutive days)-overloaded mice.
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Int Immunopharmacol
PF4/CXCR3 signaling contributes to the regulation of endothelial cells on smooth muscle cells in CKD vascular calcification. [Abstract]2026 Mar 1:172:116235. PMID: 41558292 -
Mol Nutr Food Res
Single Treatment of Vitamin D3 Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury through Changing Lung Rodentibacter abundance. [Abstract]2022 Feb;66(3):e2100952. PMID: 34894076 -
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Virol Sin
Antiviral activity of vitamin D derivatives against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2024 Aug 19:S1995-820X(24)00134-2. PMID: 39168248 -
ACS Chem Neurosci
Vitamin D Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via Modulation of the SFRP1/β-Catenin Axis. [Abstract]2025 Oct 26. PMID: 41139396 -
Sci Rep
Knockdown of RGMa reduces vascular calcification by inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jul 9;15(1):24657. PMID: 40634394 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Vitamin D3 can effectively and rapidly clear largemouth bass ranavirus by immunoregulation. [Abstract]2023 Dec:143:109213. PMID: 37949380 -
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Clin Rheumatol
1,25(OH)2D3 induces chondrocyte autophagy and reduces the loss of proteoglycans in osteoarthritis through inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]2025 Feb;44(2):811-822. PMID: 39775461 -
Theriogenology
Effect of VD3 on cell proliferation and the Wnt signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. [Abstract]2022 Nov:193:68-76. PMID: 36156426 -
Vet Immunol Immunopathol
Vitamin D3 mediates autophagy to alleviate inflammatory responses in bovine endometrial epithelial cells and organoids via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [Abstract]2024 Nov:277:110839. PMID: 39418864 -
bioRxiv
2025 Jul 12:2025.07.08.663754. PMID: 40672312 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 10 mg/mL (26.00 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (5.41 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.60 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (587 KB)
- English - EN (587 KB)
- Français - FR (587 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (587 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (587 KB)
- Español - ES (587 KB)
- Swedish - SV (587 KB)
- Italian - IT (587 KB)
- Korean - KR (587 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (587 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Nazik Al-Hashimi, et al. Cholecalciferol
[2]. Laura Bergadà, et al. Role of local bioactivation of vitamin D by CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 in the control of cell growth in normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. Lab Invest. 2014 Jun;94(6):608-22 [Content Brief]
[3]. Hiroki Yoshioka, et al. Vitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia increases carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity through elevated oxidative stress in mice. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 27;12(4):e0176524. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.5998 mL | 12.9992 mL | 25.9983 mL | 64.9958 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5200 mL | 2.5998 mL | 5.1997 mL | 12.9992 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2600 mL | 1.2999 mL | 2.5998 mL | 6.4996 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1733 mL | 0.8666 mL | 1.7332 mL | 4.3331 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1300 mL | 0.6500 mL | 1.2999 mL | 3.2498 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1040 mL | 0.5200 mL | 1.0399 mL | 2.5998 mL |
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