Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites

Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites (467):

Cat. No.	Product Name	CAS No.	Purity	Chemical Structure

ATP	56-65-5	≥98.0%
ATP (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. ATP provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation.

Quercetin	117-39-5	98.06%
Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.

Nicotinamide	98-92-0	99.87%
Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC₅₀: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD₊, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity.

AICAR	2627-69-2	99.97%
AICAR (Acadesine) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR is also an autophagy, YAP and mitophagy inhibitor.

Palmitic acid	57-10-3	99.76%
Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Palmitic acid is used to establish a cell steatosis model.

Pyridoxal	66-72-8	99.89%
Pyridoxal is one of the major forms of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal is phosphorylated by pyridoxal kinase to Pyridoxal phosphate (HY-B1744). Pyridoxal is oxidized by the liver to 4-Pyridoxic acid (HY-113493) which is excreted in the urine.

Adenylosuccinic acid	19046-78-7
Adenylosuccinic acid (Adenylosuccinate; Aspartyl adenylate) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate and plays a role in nucleotide cycle metabolite. Adenylosuccinic acid can be converted into fumaric acid through adenylosuccinate lyase. Adenylosuccinic acid has the potential for the study of duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD).

Thiamine hydrochloride (Standard)	67-03-8
Thiamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thiamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.

Arachidonic acid	506-32-1	99.68%
Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid and a major constituent of biomembranes. Arachidonic acid also acts as the substrate for various lipid mediators, such as prostaglandins (PGs). Arachidonic acid improves cognitive response and cardiovascular function.

β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide	1094-61-7	99.68%
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NM) is a product of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) reaction and a key NAD⁺ intermediate. The pharmacological activities of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity.

HY-B0445

NAD+ 53-84-9 99.86%

NAD+ is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage.

NAD+	53-84-9	99.86%
NAD+ is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage.

Lactate	50-21-5
Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity.

HY-B2167

Docosahexaenoic acid 6217-54-5 99.81%

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundantly present brain and retina. It can be obtained directly from fish oil and maternal milk.
HY-D0187

L-Glutathione reduced 70-18-8 99.87%

L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

Docosahexaenoic acid	6217-54-5	99.81%
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundantly present brain and retina. It can be obtained directly from fish oil and maternal milk.

L-Glutathione reduced	70-18-8	99.87%
L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.

Luteolin	491-70-3	99.01%
Luteolin (Luteoline), a flavanoid compound, is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor. Luteolin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer properties, including the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, in several cancer cell lines, including human non-small lung cancer cells.

HY-N0210

D-Galactose 59-23-4 ≥98.0%

D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose.

D-Galactose	59-23-4	≥98.0%
D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose.

Zinc Protoporphyrin	15442-64-5	99.58%
Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor and markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H₂O₂. Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration. Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity.

Kaempferol	520-18-3	99.86%
Kaempferol (Kempferol), a flavonoid found in many edible plants, inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK. Kaempferol can be uesd for the research of breast cancer.

Genistein	446-72-0	99.86%
Genistein, a soy isoflavone, is a multiple tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGFR) inhibitor which acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis.

HY-76847

Chenodeoxycholic Acid 474-25-9 ≥98.0%

Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

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