Docosahexaenoic acid
Based on 46 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundantly present brain and retina. It can be obtained directly from fish oil and maternal milk.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.77%
- CAS No.: 6217-54-5
- Formula: C22H32O2
- Molecular Weight:328.49
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Storage:
-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Docosahexaenoic acid
More- Nature. 2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. [Abstract]
- Science. 2025 Mar 14;387(6739):eadm9805. [Abstract]
- Nat Biotechnol. 2025 Feb 5:10.1038/s41587-025-02556-5. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2026 Mar 3;38(3):565-581.e5. [Abstract]
- Drug Resist Updat. 2025 Jul:81:101224. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 17;13(1):931. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug 29:e17049. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2025 Oct 17;524:169708.
- J Adv Res. 2026 Mar 9:S2090-1232(26)00224-9. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2023 Oct:66:102857. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2023 Dec;15(2):2265578. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Jan 12;12(1):73. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2020 Sep 15;11(9):756. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Oct 26;118(43):e2104689118. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Jun 23. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2023 Jul 25:116:154825. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Res. 2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Res. 2024 Jun 4;12(6):744-758. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 Jun:202:110-120. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2025 May:208:116218. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2025 Oct:191:118495. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 25;44(11):116496. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2021 Oct 22;6(20):e151911. [Abstract]
- Talanta. 2021 Nov 1:234:122631. [Abstract]
- Food Funct. 2024 Nov 11;15(22):11236-11251. [Abstract]
- Mar Drugs. 2023 Feb 25;21(3):155. [Abstract]
- Food Funct. 2020 Oct 21;11(10):8893-8904. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 10;23(10):5323. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jan:114:109544. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2023 Jul;299(7):104909. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Nov;94:199-210. [Abstract]
- Clin Exp Immunol. 2025 Jan 21;219(1):uxaf055. [Abstract]
- ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2025 Oct 4;8(11):4095-4106. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2026 Mar 4:511:117777. [Abstract]
- Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2024 Jun 6:25:100551. [Abstract]
- Pathol Res Pract. 2020 Feb;216(2):152795. [Abstract]
- J Dent Sci. 2025 Jan;20(1):444-451. [Abstract]
- Biologia. 2023 Jan 24.
- Res Sq. 2026 Jan 15.
- Res Sq. 2025 Nov 19:rs.3.rs-7983397. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2025 Apr 27.
- Res Sq. 2024 Aug 16.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Jun 12:2024.06.11.598533. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Oct 10.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Sep 9;2022:8672969. [Abstract]
- Universitat Politècnica de València. 2020 Sep.
Customer Validation & Images
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WB
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ELISA
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| CHO | EC50 |
36 μM
Compound: DHA
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Agonist activity at GPR40 expressed in CHO cells after 20 seconds by aequorin bioluminescence assay in presence of 0.1 % human serum
Agonist activity at GPR40 expressed in CHO cells after 20 seconds by aequorin bioluminescence assay in presence of 0.1 % human serum
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[PMID: 24900539] |
| DU-145 | IC50 |
73 nM
Compound: 2
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Antiproliferative activity against LPA-induced human DU-145 cells
Antiproliferative activity against LPA-induced human DU-145 cells
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[PMID: 33843223] |
| HEK293 | ED50 |
50 μM
Compound: Docosahexanoic acid
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Agonist activity at human RXR-alpha expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing with pCMX-beta-gal after 24 to 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at human RXR-alpha expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing with pCMX-beta-gal after 24 to 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 24959987] |
| L1210 | IC50 |
13 nM
Compound: DHA
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Antitumor activity against mouse L1210 cells
Antitumor activity against mouse L1210 cells
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[PMID: 18508273] |
| RBL-2H3 | IC50 |
>50 μM
Compound: 9; DHA
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Antiallergic activity in rat RBL2H3 cells assessed as inhibition of DNP-HSA-mediated degranulation by measuring decrease in beta-hexosaminidase activity preincubated for 30 mins followed by DNP-HSA stimulation and measured after 30 mins by 4-nitrophenyl 2
Antiallergic activity in rat RBL2H3 cells assessed as inhibition of DNP-HSA-mediated degranulation by measuring decrease in beta-hexosaminidase activity preincubated for 30 mins followed by DNP-HSA stimulation and measured after 30 mins by 4-nitrophenyl 2
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[PMID: 31618024] |
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for the growth and functional development of the brain in infants. DHA is also required for maintenance of normal brain function in adults. The inclusion of plentiful DHA in the diet improves learning ability and memory[1]. DHA is an essential requirement in every step of brain development like neural cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis. The multiple double bonds and unique structure allow DHA to impart special membrane characteristics for effective cell signaling. Many development disorders like dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia etc. are causally related to decreased level of DHA[2]. DHA is a potent RXR ligand inducing robust RXR activation already at low micro molar concentrations. The EC50 for RXRα activation by DHA is about 5-10 μM fatty acid[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 6217-54-5
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 0.943±0.06 g/cm3)
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Molecular Weight 328.49
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Formula C22H32O2
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
CC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCC(O)=O
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Synonyms
DHA; Cervonic acid
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Structure Classification
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
Publications (46)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227 -
Science
2025 Mar 14;387(6739):eadm9805. PMID: 40080571
Docosahexaenoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Science. 2025 Mar 14;387(6739):eadm9805. [Abstract]
Immunoblot analysis of HCC1806 cells following 16 hour serum starvation and subsequent stimulation with 10% FBS or 30 μM ω-6 LA or arachidonic acid (AA), or ω-3 ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 30 minutes.
Docosahexaenoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Science. 2025 Mar 14;387(6739):eadm9805. [Abstract]
HCC1806 cells were serum starved for 16 hours and subsequently restimulated for 30 minutes with 1μM, 5μM, 10μM, 30μM, 100μM, 200μM, 1000μM of ω-6 LA, ω-6 ARA, ω-3 ALA, ω-3 EPA and ω-3 DHA for 30 minutes. Intracellular concentrations of each PUFA were quantified by ELISA from lysates obtained from 5 x 106 cells.
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Nat Biotechnol
Safer non-viral DNA delivery using lipid nanoparticles loaded with endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids. [Abstract]2025 Feb 5:10.1038/s41587-025-02556-5. PMID: 39910195 -
Cell Metab
Microbial metabolite FAD mobilizes adipocyte lipid remodeling to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy. [Abstract]2026 Mar 3;38(3):565-581.e5. PMID: 41570815 -
Drug Resist Updat
DTX2 attenuates Lenvatinib-induced ferroptosis by suppressing docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis through HSD17B4-dependent peroxisomal β-oxidation in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jul:81:101224. PMID: 40058099
Docosahexaenoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Resist Updat. 2025 Jul:81:101224. [Abstract]
MDA and GSH levels in Scramble/shHSD17B4 Huh7 and SNU-423 cells treated with DHA (25-150 μM).
Docosahexaenoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Resist Updat. 2025 Jul:81:101224. [Abstract]
BODIPY-C11 581/591 probe detection in Scramble/shHSD17B4 cells treated with Lenvatinib (Lenv) or DHA (25-150 μM). Scale bar, 40 μm.
Docosahexaenoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Resist Updat. 2025 Jul:81:101224. [Abstract]
A schematic diagram depicting the in vivo assessment of tumor xenografts generated by subcutaneous injection of Huh7-LR cells. DHA (7 g/kg, p.o.), n = 5 mice in each group.
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Nat Commun
Kansl1 haploinsufficiency impairs autophagosome-lysosome fusion and links autophagic dysfunction with Koolen-de Vries syndrome in mice. [Abstract]2022 Feb 17;13(1):931. PMID: 35177641 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism via PPARα-Orchestrated FADS2 in Keratinocytes Modulates Skin Inflammation in Psoriasis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 29:e17049. PMID: 40878384 -
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J Adv Res
2026 Mar 9:S2090-1232(26)00224-9. PMID: 41812706 -
Redox Biol
Ferroptosis triggered by STAT1- IRF1-ACSL4 pathway was involved in radiation-induced intestinal injury. [Abstract]2023 Oct:66:102857. PMID: 37611494 -
Gut Microbes
PUFAs add fuel to Crohn's disease-associated AIEC-induced enteritis by exacerbating intestinal epithelial lipid peroxidation. [Abstract]2023 Dec;15(2):2265578. PMID: 37800577 -
Cell Death Dis
DHA/AA alleviates LPS-induced Kupffer cells pyroptosis via GPR120 interaction with NLRP3 to inhibit inflammasome complexes assembly. [Abstract]2021 Jan 12;12(1):73. PMID: 33436541 -
Cell Death Dis
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 prevents cardiomyocytes from Doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis via shaping the lipid composition. [Abstract]2020 Sep 15;11(9):756. PMID: 32934217 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2021 Oct 26;118(43):e2104689118. PMID: 34675076
Docosahexaenoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Oct 26;118(43):e2104689118. [Abstract]
Eicosapentaenoic Acid . Western blot analysis showing the protein levels of HIF-1A, COL1A1, and α-SMA in HSFs treated with 5-20 μM DHA/EPA and under 21% (normoxic) or 5% (hypoxic) oxygen levels.
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Acta Pharmacol Sin
Ginsenoside (20)S-APPT induces ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma by targeting FSP1. [Abstract]2025 Jun 23. PMID: 40550962 -
Phytomedicine
Alpha-linolenic acid improves nasal mucosa epithelial barrier function in allergic rhinitis by arresting CD4+ T cell differentiation via IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jul 25:116:154825. PMID: 37178572 -
Cancer Immunol Res
NET-Triggered NLRP3 Activation and IL18 Release Drive Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. [Abstract]2022 Dec 2;10(12):1542-1558. PMID: 36255412 -
Cancer Immunol Res
The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid enhances NK-cell antitumor effector functions. [Abstract]2024 Jun 4;12(6):744-758. PMID: 38526128 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Ferroptosis signaling promotes the release of misfolded proteins via exosomes to rescue ER stress in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2023 Jun:202:110-120. PMID: 36997100 -
Food Res Int
Effects of chitosan on restoring spermatogenesis in mice: Insights from gut microbiota and multi-omics analysis. [Abstract]2025 May:208:116218. PMID: 40263850 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Neonatal sevoflurane exposure disrupted fatty acids metabolism, leading to hypomyelination and neurological impairments. [Abstract]2025 Oct:191:118495. PMID: 40925233 -
Cell Rep
A generalized strategy to kill leukemic cells by targeting the regulatory systems governing mitochondrial membrane potential. [Abstract]2025 Nov 25;44(11):116496. PMID: 41166305 -
JCI Insight
Phospholipase A2 enzymes represent a shared pathogenic pathway in psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris. [Abstract]2021 Oct 22;6(20):e151911. PMID: 34491907 -
Talanta
Development of a novel analytical method for inflammation and immunity-related metabolites in serum based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. [Abstract]2021 Nov 1:234:122631. PMID: 34364440 -
Food Funct
Up-regulation of myelin-associated glycoprotein is associated with the ameliorating effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on Alzheimer's disease progression in APP-PS1 transgenic mice. [Abstract]2024 Nov 11;15(22):11236-11251. PMID: 39453315 -
Mar Drugs
Possible Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Response to Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins in the Mussel Perna viridis. [Abstract]2023 Feb 25;21(3):155. PMID: 36976204 -
Food Funct
Inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channels mediates docosahexaenoic acid-stimulated insulin secretion in rat pancreatic β-cells. [Abstract]2020 Oct 21;11(10):8893-8904. PMID: 32986050 -
Int J Mol Sci
Oral Administration of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Attenuates Lung Injury Caused by PM2.5 Respiratory Inhalation Simply and Feasibly In Vivo. [Abstract]2022 May 10;23(10):5323. PMID: 35628131 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Amelioration of central neurodegeneration by docosahexaenoic acid in trigeminal neuralgia rats through the regulation of central neuroinflammation. [Abstract]2023 Jan:114:109544. PMID: 36527885 -
J Biol Chem
Mitochondrial folate metabolism-mediated α-linolenic acid exhaustion masks liver fibrosis resolution. [Abstract]2023 Jul;299(7):104909. PMID: 37307917 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Transcriptome analysis and the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the immune responses of the critically endangered angtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus). [Abstract]2019 Nov;94:199-210. PMID: 31499199 -
Clin Exp Immunol
Docosahexaenoic acid mitigates experimental autoimmune prostatitis by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation via the PPARγ/NF-κB/IL-17A pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan 21;219(1):uxaf055. PMID: 40887935 -
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci
Ultrasensitive Profiling of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Based on 5‑(Diisopropylamino)amylamine Derivatization-Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. [Abstract]2025 Oct 4;8(11):4095-4106. PMID: 41262585 -
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
MiR-29a/DNMT3A axis participates in Dihydroartemisinin's suppression on lung adenocarcinoma: Implications for overcoming acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. [Abstract]2026 Mar 4:511:117777. PMID: 41791429 -
Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist
Lower micromolar activity of the antifungal imidazoles on the bacterial-type bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) in Cryptosporidium parvum and in vitro efficacy against the zoonotic parasite. [Abstract]2024 Jun 6:25:100551. PMID: 38875756 -
Pathol Res Pract
Dihydroartemisinin inhibits the growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating cyclin D1-CDK4-Rb signaling. [Abstract]2020 Feb;216(2):152795. PMID: 31879047 -
J Dent Sci
Periodontal inflammation potentially inhibits hepatic cytochrome P450 expression and disrupts the omega-3 epoxidation pathway in a murine model. [Abstract]2025 Jan;20(1):444-451. PMID: 39873042 -
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Res Sq
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Regulate Dendritic Cell Function via Nrf2-dependent Control of Ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Nov 19:rs.3.rs-7983397. PMID: 41333438 -
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bioRxiv
Enabling non-viral DNA delivery using lipid nanoparticles co-loaded with endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids. [Abstract]2024 Jun 12:2024.06.11.598533. PMID: 38915627 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Dihydroartemisinin Attenuated Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Inhibiting PI3K/AKT and NF- κ B Signaling Pathways. [Abstract]2022 Sep 9;2022:8672969. PMID: 36120596 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (304.42 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : 50 mg/mL (152.21 mM; Need ultrasonic)
0.1 M NaOH : 12.5 mg/mL (38.05 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (15.22 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: 5 mg/mL (15.22 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (15.22 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.61 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.61 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 33.33 mg/mL (101.46 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water
Solubility: 10 mg/mL (30.44 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: 15% Cremophor EL 85% Saline
Solubility: 25 mg/mL (76.11 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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-
-
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Rats: Wistar rats are fed a fish oil-deficient diet through three generations. The young (five-week-old) male rats of the third generation are randomLy divided into two groups. Over 10 weeks, one group is perorally administered docosahexaenoic acid dissolved in 5% gum Arabic solution at 300 mg/kg/day; the other group receives a similar volume of vehicle alone. Five weeks after starting the administration, the rats are tested for learning ability related to two types of memory, reference memory and working memory, with the partially (four of eight) baited eight-arm radial maze[4].
Mice: An experimental model of Parkinson's disease is created by four intraperitoneal injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (4×20 mg/kg, at 12 h intervals). Docosahexaenoic acid is given daily by gavage for 4 weeks (36 mg/kg/day). The motor activity of the mice is evaluated via the pole test. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brain are determined by spectrophotometric assays and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) are measured as an index of oxidative damage[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (273 KB)
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SDS (604 KB)
- English - EN (604 KB)
- Français - FR (604 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (604 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (604 KB)
- Español - ES (604 KB)
- Swedish - SV (604 KB)
- Italian - IT (604 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (604 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Horrocks LA, et al. Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Pharmacol Res. 1999 Sep;40(3):211-25. [Content Brief]
[2]. Gharami K, et al. Essential role of docosahexaenoic acid towards development of a smarter brain. Neurochem Int. 2015 Oct;89:51-62. [Content Brief]
[3]. Lengqvist J, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids including docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid bind to the retinoid Xreceptor alpha ligand-binding domain. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2004 Jul;3(7):692-703. [Content Brief]
[4]. Gamoh S, et al. Chronic administration of docosahexaenoic acid improves reference memory-related learning ability in young rats. Neuroscience. 1999;93(1):237-41. [Content Brief]
[5]. Ozsoy O, et al. The influence and the mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid on a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int. 2011 Oct;59(5):664-70. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 M NaOH / Ethanol / DMSO | 1 mM | 3.0442 mL | 15.2212 mL | 30.4423 mL | 76.1058 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6088 mL | 3.0442 mL | 6.0885 mL | 15.2212 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3044 mL | 1.5221 mL | 3.0442 mL | 7.6106 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2029 mL | 1.0147 mL | 2.0295 mL | 5.0737 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1522 mL | 0.7611 mL | 1.5221 mL | 3.8053 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1218 mL | 0.6088 mL | 1.2177 mL | 3.0442 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1015 mL | 0.5074 mL | 1.0147 mL | 2.5369 mL | |
| Ethanol / DMSO | 40 mM | 0.0761 mL | 0.3805 mL | 0.7611 mL | 1.9026 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.0609 mL | 0.3044 mL | 0.6088 mL | 1.5221 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0507 mL | 0.2537 mL | 0.5074 mL | 1.2684 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0381 mL | 0.1903 mL | 0.3805 mL | 0.9513 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0304 mL | 0.1522 mL | 0.3044 mL | 0.7611 mL |
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