Cat. No.: HY-76847

Chenodeoxycholic Acid

(Synonyms: CDCA)

22 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 22 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.93%
CAS No.: 474-25-9
Formula: C₂₄H₄₀O₄
Molecular Weight:392.57

Storage:

RT, protect from light.

In solvent -80°C, 1 year , -20°C, 6 months

Chenodeoxycholic Acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 474-25-9

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Publications (22)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Chenodeoxycholic Acid is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that activates nuclear receptors (FXR) involved in cholesterol metabolism.

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
Caco-2	IC₅₀	106 μM Compound: CDCA	Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24332653]
CHO	EC₅₀	15.6 μM Compound: CDCA	Agonist activity at recombinant human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by TR-FRET assay Agonist activity at recombinant human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by TR-FRET assay	[PMID: 31268316]
CHO	EC₅₀	6.71 μM Compound: 2, CDCA	Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells after 5 hrs by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells after 5 hrs by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 17685603]
CHO	EC₅₀	6.71 μM Compound: 4, CDCA	Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
COS-1	EC₅₀	13 μM Compound: 2, CDCA	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells after 5 hrs by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells after 5 hrs by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 17685603]
COS-1	EC₅₀	13 μM Compound: 3, CDCA	Agonist activity at FXR expressed in COS1 cells by cell-based bioluminescence assay Agonist activity at FXR expressed in COS1 cells by cell-based bioluminescence assay	[PMID: 20014870]
COS-1	EC₅₀	13 μM Compound: 4, CDCA	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
GBM	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 1c, CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid	Cytotoxicity against human GBM cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay Cytotoxicity against human GBM cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay	[PMID: 20381215]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 1c, CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay	[PMID: 20381215]
HEK293	EC₅₀	11.7 μM Compound: 3, CDCA	Agonist activity at human recombinant FXR by transactivation of TK-MH100x4-LUC reporter gene in HEK293 cells Agonist activity at human recombinant FXR by transactivation of TK-MH100x4-LUC reporter gene in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 16617018]
HEK293	EC₅₀	16.8 μM Compound: 2, CDCA	Agonist activity at mouse FXR expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing mouse RXRalpha and ECRE-luc by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at mouse FXR expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing mouse RXRalpha and ECRE-luc by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22018919]
HEK293	EC₅₀	16.8 μM Compound: CDCA	Agonist activity at full length mouse FXR/RXRalpha expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as induction of transcriptional activity after 18 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at full length mouse FXR/RXRalpha expressed in human HEK293 cells assessed as induction of transcriptional activity after 18 hrs by dual luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22014750]
HEK293	EC₅₀	27 μM Compound: 5, CDCA	Agonist activity at human recombinant FXR expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing CMX-GAL4N by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human recombinant FXR expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing CMX-GAL4N by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 22583617]
HEK293	EC₅₀	27 μM Compound: CDCA	Agonistic activity at FXR in HEK293 cells by GAL4 transactivation activity Agonistic activity at FXR in HEK293 cells by GAL4 transactivation activity	[PMID: 17292610]
HEK293	EC₅₀	6.1 μM Compound: 2, CDCA	Agonist activity at human GPBAR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular cAMP level after 30 mins by cAMP-Glo assay Agonist activity at human GPBAR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular cAMP level after 30 mins by cAMP-Glo assay	[PMID: 25735208]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	>150 μM Compound: CDCA	Agonist activity at VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay Agonist activity at VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay	[PMID: 26774929]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: CDCA	Antagonist activity against VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay Antagonist activity against VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay	[PMID: 26774929]
HeLa	EC₅₀	18 μM Compound: 1, CDCA	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as receptor activation by BSEP promoter-driven firefly luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as receptor activation by BSEP promoter-driven firefly luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 25255039]
HeLa	EC₅₀	18 μM Compound: 1, CDCA	Agonist activity at human full length FXR expressed in HeLa cells cotransfected with pSG5-human RXR after 24 hrs by Dual-Glo luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human full length FXR expressed in HeLa cells cotransfected with pSG5-human RXR after 24 hrs by Dual-Glo luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 25934227]
HepG2	EC₅₀	20 μM Compound: 1; CDCA	Transactivation of human FXR (unknown origin) expressed in HepG2 cells co-expressing pSG5RXR/pGL4.70 after 24 hrs post transfection by luciferase reporter gene assay Transactivation of human FXR (unknown origin) expressed in HepG2 cells co-expressing pSG5RXR/pGL4.70 after 24 hrs post transfection by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 30996771]
HET-1A	CC₅₀	216 μM Compound: 1, CDCA	Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20713311]
HT-1080	IC₅₀	130.1 μM Compound: CDCA	Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24332653]
HT-29	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
HT-29	IC₅₀	>80 μM Compound: CDCA	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 27448915]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
KMS-11	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 1c, CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid	Cytotoxicity against human KMS11 cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay Cytotoxicity against human KMS11 cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay	[PMID: 20381215]
LoVo	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human LoVo cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human LoVo cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
NCI-H716	EC₅₀	30 μM Compound: 1, CDCA	Agonist activity at human TGR5 receptor expressed in NCI-H716 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP level by TR-FRET assay Agonist activity at human TGR5 receptor expressed in NCI-H716 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP level by TR-FRET assay	[PMID: 21459580]
NCI-H716	EC₅₀	33 μM Compound: CDCA	Agonist activity at TGR5 in human NCI-H716 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 60 mins by HTR-FRET assay Agonist activity at TGR5 in human NCI-H716 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 60 mins by HTR-FRET assay	[PMID: 31268316]
NCI-H716	EC₅₀	6.7 μM Compound: 2, CDCA	Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in NCI-H716 cells assessed as cAMP level after 60 mins by FRET analysis Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in NCI-H716 cells assessed as cAMP level after 60 mins by FRET analysis	[PMID: 24900463]
PC-3M	IC₅₀	>80 μM Compound: CDCA	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3M cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human PC3M cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 27448915]
RKO	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human RKO cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human RKO cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
SK-HEP1	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human SK-HEP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human SK-HEP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
SW480	IC₅₀	>200 μM Compound: CDCA	Anticancer activity against human SW480 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human SW480 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]

In Vitro

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and Deoxycholic acid (DCA) both inhibit 11 beta HSD2 with IC₅₀ values of 22 mM and 38 mM, respectively and causes cortisol-dependent nuclear translocation and increases transcriptionalactivity of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)^[1]. Chenodeoxycholic acid is able to stimulate Ishikawa cell growth by inducing a significant increase in Cyclin D1 protein and mRNA expression through the activation of the membrane G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5)-dependent pathway^[2]. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) induces LDL receptor mRNA levels approximately 4 fold and mRNA levels for HMG-CoA reductase and HMG-CoA synthase two fold in a cultured human hepatoblastoma cell line, Hep G2^[3]. Chenodeoxycholic acid-induced Isc is inhibited (≥67%) by Bumetanide, BaCl₂, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTRinh-172. Chenodeoxycholic acid-stimulated Isc is decreased 43% by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor MDL12330A and Chenodeoxycholic acid increases intracellular cAMP concentration^[4]. Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment activates C/EBPβ, as shown by increases in its phosphorylation, nuclear accumulation, and expression in HepG2 cells. Chenodeoxycholic acid enhances luciferase gene transcription from the construct containing -1.65-kb GSTA2 promoter, which contains C/EBP response element (pGL-1651). Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which leads to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation, as evidenced by the results of experiments using a dominant-negative mutant of AMPKα and chemical inhibitor^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 474-25-9
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 392.57
Formula C₂₄H₄₀O₄
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)CC[C@@H](C)[C@]1([H])[C@]2(C)[C@](CC1)([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@@](C4)([H])[C@@](CC[C@H]4O)(C)[C@]([H])3CC2
Synonyms

CDCA
Structure Classification
- Steroids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

RT, protect from light

In solvent	-80°C	1 year
	-20°C	6 months

Publications (22)

All IPRT-PCRBio/Physico-chemical Assay2D/3D Cell Culture and DifferentiationCell Proliferation/Viability Assay

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Journal Impact Factor

Nature

Lithocholic acid phenocopies anti-ageing effects of calorie restriction. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227

Chenodeoxycholic Acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nature. 2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. [Abstract]

CDCA does not activate AMPK; MEFs were treated with CDCA at the indicated concentrations for 4 h.
Cell Res

Virus-induced accumulation of intracellular bile acids activates the TGR5-β-arrestin-SRC axis to enable innate antiviral immunity. [Abstract]

2019 Mar;29(3):193-205. PMID: 30651583

Chenodeoxycholic Acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Res. 2019 Mar;29(3):193-205. [Abstract]

Virus-triggered accumulation of intracellular bile acids (BAs) promotes cellular antiviral response. Effects of BAs on virus-induced transcription of antiviral genes. Raw264.7 cells were infected with HSV-1 or SeV for 30 min and treated with Lithocholic acid (LCA) (0.1 mM), Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA) (0.1 mM) or Deoxycholic acid (DCA) (0.1 mM) for 6 h before qPCR analysis of the indicated mRNA levels.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Res. 2019 Mar;29(3):193-205. [Abstract]

Examination of intracellular bile acids (BA) levels after cells were treated with exogenous BAs. Raw264.7 cells were infected with HSV-1 or SeV for 30 min and treated with Lithocholic acid (LCA) (0.1 mM), Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CDCA) (0.1 mM) or Deoxycholic acid (DCA) (0.1 mM) for 6 h before BA assays were performed.
Cell Host Microbe

Veillonella intestinal colonization promotes C. difficile infection in Crohn's disease. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 19:S1931-3128(25)00291-4. PMID: 40848719
Cell Host Microbe

A gut microbiota-bile acid axis promotes intestinal homeostasis upon aspirin-mediated damage. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 14;32(2):191-208.e9. PMID: 38237593

Chenodeoxycholic Acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Feb 14;32(2):191-208.e9. [Abstract]

Secondary organoids were treated with CDCA (20 μM), 7-keto-LCA (20 μM), or UDCA (20 μM) for 5 days,s and next-generation sequencingwas conducted. A heatmap of changes in stem cell gene signature (Lgr5-Ascl2) is shown.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Host Microbe. 2024 Feb 14;32(2):191-208.e9. [Abstract]

In vitro culture of wild-type P. goldsteinii (PG-WT) or hdhA-deficient P. goldsteinii(PGΔhdhA) was supplemented with CDCA (10 μM, 48h). LC–MS analysis confirmed that the mutant strain was unable to convert CDCA into 7-keto-LCA.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Targeting FDFT1 Reduces Cholesterol and Bile Acid Production and Delays Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression Through the HNF4A/ALDOB/AKT1 Axis. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 3:e2411719. PMID: 39899681
Research (Wash D C)

Activation of Pancreatic Acinar FXR Protects against Pancreatitis via Osgin1-Mediated Restoration of Efficient Autophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Nov 2:2022:9784081. PMID: 36405253
Phytomedicine

Geniposide alleviated bile acid-associated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating SIRT1/FXR signaling in bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis. [Abstract]

2023 Sep:118:154971. PMID: 37494875
Sci Total Environ

Binding, activity and risk assessment of bisphenols toward farnesoid X receptor pathway: In vitro and in silico study. [Abstract]

2023 Apr 15:869:161701. PMID: 36709907
J Transl Med

Conjugated bile acids alleviate acute pancreatitis through inhibition of TGR5 and NLRP3 mediated inflammation. [Abstract]

2024 Dec 20;22(1):1124. PMID: 39707318
Phytother Res

Monosaccharide and Disaccharide Saponins of Shade-Dried Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Confer Metabolic Benefits in Mice With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. [Abstract]

2025 Aug 20. PMID: 40833710
Phytother Res

Resveratrol inhibits bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia via the PI3K/AKT/p-FoxO4 signalling pathway. [Abstract]

2021 Mar;35(3):1495-1507. PMID: 33103284
J Agric Food Chem

Galacto-Oligosaccharides Alleviate LPS-Induced Immune Imbalance in Small Intestine through Regulating Gut Microbe Composition and Bile Acid Pool. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 22;71(46):17615-17626. PMID: 37947505
Int J Mol Sci

FXR Maintains the Intestinal Barrier and Stemness by Regulating CYP11A1-Mediated Corticosterone Synthesis in Biliary Obstruction Diseases. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 30;24(17):13494. PMID: 37686300
Biomolecules

Significant Reduction of Chenodeoxycholic Acid and Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid in the Elderly with Severe COVID-19. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 28;15(7):943. PMID: 40723815
J Hypertens

Renal Farnesoid X Receptor improves high fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension in mice by inhibiting DNM3 to promote nitro oxide production. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 1;40(8):1577-1588. PMID: 35792095
Drug Metab Dispos

2026 Feb 24.
Biomedicines

The Elevation and Impact of Peripheral Bile Acids in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 4;13(4):874. PMID: 40299495
J Biol Chem

PPARγ and C/EBPα enable adipocyte differentiation upon inhibition of histone methyltransferase PRC2 in malignant tumors. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 12:107765. PMID: 39276936
Aquaculture

2023 Sep 18, 740123.
Microb Pathog

Lithocholic acid exerts antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by enhancing TGR5-mediated type III interferon production. [Abstract]

2026 Jan:210:108187. PMID: 41242567
J Pharm Biomed Anal

Integrating 16S rDNA sequencing analysis and targeted metabolomics to explore the mechanism of Xiexin Tang in treating atherosclerosis mice induced by high-fat diet. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 15:259:116760. PMID: 40014894
SSRN

2022 Jan 26.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (127.37 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

0.1 M NaOH : 50 mg/mL (127.37 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 8 with NaOH)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.5473 mL

12.7366 mL

25.4732 mL

5 mM

0.5095 mL

2.5473 mL

5.0946 mL

10 mM

0.2547 mL

1.2737 mL

2.5473 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 20% HP-β-CD in Saline

Solubility: ≥ 20 mg/mL (50.95 mM); Clear solution

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Kinase Assay^[1]

Briefly, transfected HEK-293 cells, incubated in charcoal-treated Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 24 h, are washed once with Hanks' solution and resuspended in a buffer containing 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 250 mMsucrose, 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4. Cells are lysed by freezing in liquid nitrogen. Dehydrogenase activity is measured in a final volume of 20 μL containing the appropriate concentration of bile acid, 30 nCi of [³H]cortisol, and unlabeled cortisol to a final concentrations of 50 nM. The reaction is started by mixing cell lysate with the reaction mixture. Alternatively, endoplasmic reticulum microsomes are prepared from transfected HEK-293 cells and incubated with reaction mixture containing various concentrations of cortisol and CDCA. Incubation proceeded for 20 min, and the conversion of cortisol to cortisone is determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Because of the inaccuracy of the TLC method at low conversion rates and the end-product inhibition of 11βHSD2 at conversion rates higher than 60-70%, only conversion rates between 10 and 60% are considered for calculation. The inhibitory constant IC₅₀ is evaluated using the curve-fitting program. Results are expressed as means±S.E. and consist of at least four independent measurements.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Assay^[1]

The cell viability is analyzed by incubating transfected HEK-293 cells and CHO cells for 1 h with the corresponding concentration of bile acid and staining with trypan blue. The toxicity of bile acids is analyzed using the tetrazolium salt MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) according to the cell proliferation kit I. No significant differences between control and bile acid-treated cells are obtained in both tests.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (282 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
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COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Stauffer AT, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid inhibit 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and cause cortisol-induced transcriptional activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26286-92 [Content Brief]

[2]. Casaburi I, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid through a TGR5-dependent CREB signaling activation enhances cyclin D1 expression and promotes human endometrial cancer cell proliferation. Cell Cycle. 2012 Jul 15;11(14):2699-710 [Content Brief]

[3]. Kawabe Y, et al. The molecular mechanism of the induction of the low density lipoprotein receptor by chenodeoxycholic acid in cultured human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Mar 8;208(1):405-11. [Content Brief]

[4]. Ao M, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulates Cl(-) secretion via cAMP signaling and increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphorylation in T84 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013 Aug 15;305(4):C447-56 [Content Brief]

[5]. Noh K, et al. Farnesoid X receptor activation by chenodeoxycholic acid induces detoxifying enzymes through AMP-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated phosphorylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β. Drug Metab [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / 0.1 M NaOH	1 mM	2.5473 mL	12.7366 mL	25.4732 mL	63.6829 mL
	5 mM	0.5095 mL	2.5473 mL	5.0946 mL	12.7366 mL
	10 mM	0.2547 mL	1.2737 mL	2.5473 mL	6.3683 mL
	15 mM	0.1698 mL	0.8491 mL	1.6982 mL	4.2455 mL
	20 mM	0.1274 mL	0.6368 mL	1.2737 mL	3.1841 mL
	25 mM	0.1019 mL	0.5095 mL	1.0189 mL	2.5473 mL
	30 mM	0.0849 mL	0.4246 mL	0.8491 mL	2.1228 mL
	40 mM	0.0637 mL	0.3184 mL	0.6368 mL	1.5921 mL
	50 mM	0.0509 mL	0.2547 mL	0.5095 mL	1.2737 mL
	60 mM	0.0425 mL	0.2123 mL	0.4246 mL	1.0614 mL
	80 mM	0.0318 mL	0.1592 mL	0.3184 mL	0.7960 mL
	100 mM	0.0255 mL	0.1274 mL	0.2547 mL	0.6368 mL

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Chenodeoxycholic Acid

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Chenodeoxycholic Acid

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