L-Glutathione reduced
Based on 56 publication(s) in Google Scholar
L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.79%
- CAS No.: 70-18-8
- Formula: C10H17N3O6S
- Molecular Weight:307.32
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) L-Glutathione reduced
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 May 28;6(1):188. [Abstract]
- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 May 8;5(1):51. [Abstract]
- Nat Nanotechnol. 2025 Apr 23. [Abstract]
- Bone Res. 2024 Aug 27;12(1):47. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Mar 13;17(1):3879. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Apr 22;16(1):3777. [Abstract]
- Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025 Sep 16:e202511471. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2025 Aug:74:589-607. [Abstract]
- J Am Chem Soc. 2026 Mar 11;148(9):10225-10240. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2025 Jul:84:103693. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2022 Aug;54:102392. [Abstract]
- Nat Chem Biol. 2025 Mar;21(3):371-382. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Dec;11(12):4045-4054. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Jun 6;42(1):142. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Feb;12(6):e2411479. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Mar 17;7(3):102635. [Abstract]
- Carbohydr Polym. 2025 Mar 1:351:123123. [Abstract]
- J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022 Sep;150(3):727-735.e6. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Jan 1;18(2):717-730. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2025 Nov 7;11(1):511. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025 Jun 11. [Abstract]
- Biomater Res. 2025 Nov 17:29:0246. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2024 Feb 21;22(1):192. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Oct 7;122(40):e2502841122. [Abstract]
- Dev Cell. 2024 Feb 26;59(4):517-528.e3. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2026 Mar:352:151224. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Dec;333(Pt 1):148831. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Aug 1:251:229-242. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Dec:177:143-155. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 10;44(12):116671. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Jul 12;44(7):116014. [Abstract]
- Chin J Nat Med. 2020 Jan;18(1):57-69. [Abstract]
- Anal Chem. 2026 Jan 23. [Abstract]
- Bioeng Transl Med. 2022 Jul 30;8(1):e10377. [Abstract]
- Mar Drugs. 2025 Mar 28;23(4):146. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 20;24(8):7608. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 26;23(9):4783. [Abstract]
- mBio. 2023 Feb 28;14(1):e0237022. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Interact. 2026 Jun 1:432:112059. [Abstract]
- Nanoscale. 2026 Apr 14. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Interact. 2025 Sep 5:418:111614. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2023 Apr 11;28(8):3375. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 2;15(1):596. [Abstract]
- Brain Res Bull. 2026 Feb:235:111753. [Abstract]
- Water Biol Secur. 2025 Nov 13.
- BMC Cancer. 2022 Jul 2;22(1):724. [Abstract]
- J Chromatogr A. 2024 Apr 12:1720:464776. [Abstract]
- J Cancer. 2022 Sep 6;13(11):3234-3243. [Abstract]
- Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2023 Jul;39(7):699-709. [Abstract]
- Life Sci Alliance. 2021 Jun 18;4(8):e202000906. [Abstract]
- Discov Oncol. 2025 Aug 15;16(1):1557. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2025 Jan 14.
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Jun:175:116727. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2023 Nov 17.
- Research Square Print. October 14th, 2022.
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Jan.
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RT-PCR
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KB 3-1 | IC50 |
>20 mM
Compound: GSH
|
Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 21657271] |
| KB-V1 | IC50 |
>20 mM
Compound: GSH
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Cytotoxicity against drug-resistant human KBV1 cells expressing P-gp incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against drug-resistant human KBV1 cells expressing P-gp incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
|
[PMID: 21657271] |
L-Glutathione reduced is a non-protein thiol widely exists in living cells. L-Glutathione reduced plays important biological functions in the organism, including protein and DNA synthesis, enzyme activity, metabolism and cell protection. L-Glutathione reduced is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals and is established to be a marker of oxidative stress[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 70-18-8
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 307.32
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Formula C10H17N3O6S
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Color White to off-white
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Synonyms
GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications (56)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Cyst(e)ine in nutrition formulation promotes colon cancer growth and chemoresistance by activating mTORC1 and scavenging ROS. [Abstract]2021 May 28;6(1):188. PMID: 34045438 -
Signal Transduct Target Ther
Erianin, a novel dibenzyl compound in Dendrobium extract, inhibits lung cancer cell growth and migration via calcium/calmodulin-dependent ferroptosis. [Abstract]2020 May 8;5(1):51. PMID: 32382060
L-Glutathione reduced purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020 May 8;5(1):51. [Abstract]
H460 and H1299 cells were treated with erianin with or without the ROS scavenger GSH (1 mM) for 24 h, and cell viability was assayed.
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Nat Nanotechnol
Ferumoxytol promotes haematopoietic stem cell post-injury regeneration as a reactive oxygen species scavenger. [Abstract]2025 Apr 23. PMID: 40269251 -
Bone Res
The HOXC10/NOD1/ERK axis drives osteolytic bone metastasis of pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer. [Abstract]2024 Aug 27;12(1):47. PMID: 39191757 -
Nat Commun
2026 Mar 13;17(1):3879. PMID: 41820364 -
Nat Commun
Chloroplast precursor protein preClpD overaccumulation triggers multilevel reprogramming of gene expression and a heat shock-like response. [Abstract]2025 Apr 22;16(1):3777. PMID: 40263324
L-Glutathione reduced purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Apr 22;16(1):3777. [Abstract]
RT‒qPCR analyses demonstrated that the transcriptional upregulation of sHSP genes (17.4, 17.6A, 21, 23.5) in ClpD-GFP line #5 was suppressed by the ROS scavenging reagent GSH (500 µM, 2 days). HSP18.5 and the transcripts encoding two large HSPs (HSP90C and mtHSC70-1) were used as negative controls.
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Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
Fe-O-Mo Site-Activated Nanozymes for Bienzymatic/Upconversion Synergistic Catalytic Anticancer Therapy. [Abstract]2025 Sep 16:e202511471. PMID: 40958476 -
J Adv Res
Salidroside sensitizes Triple-negative breast cancer to ferroptosis by SCD1-mediated lipogenesis and NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. [Abstract]2025 Aug:74:589-607. PMID: 39353532
L-Glutathione reduced purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Adv Res. 2025 Aug:74:589-607. [Abstract]
Cell viability was measured after being pretreated with Fer-1 (2 μM), GSH (1 mM), or DFO (50 μM) for 1 h, and then treated with or without Sal (50 μM) for 24 h (n = 6).
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J Am Chem Soc
Safe and Highly Efficient Lipid-Pro-Dexamethasone Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery and Base Editing. [Abstract]2026 Mar 11;148(9):10225-10240. PMID: 41733506 -
Redox Biol
Dysregulated lipids homeostasis disrupts CHAC1-mediated ferroptosis driving fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AZD4547 resistance in gastric cancer. [Abstract]2025 Jul:84:103693. PMID: 40460553
L-Glutathione reduced purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2025 Jul:84:103693. [Abstract]
BR-CHAC1-OE and MR-CHAC1-OE cells were treated with DMSO, AZD4547 (2.5 μM) with or without GSH (10 mM) and NAC (5 mM) for 72 h, and cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay.
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Redox Biol
Dissecting the process of human neutrophil lineage determination by using alpha-lipoic acid inducing neutrophil deficiency model. [Abstract]2022 Aug;54:102392. PMID: 35797799 -
Nat Chem Biol
2025 Mar;21(3):371-382. PMID: 39060389 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
2021 Dec;11(12):4045-4054. PMID: 35024325
L-Glutathione reduced purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021 Dec;11(12):4045-4054. [Abstract]
KU-19-19 was treated with baicalin with or without glutathione (GSH) (1.5 mM) for 24 h, then cell viability was analyzed.
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J Exp Clin Cancer Res
Ferroptosis inducers enhanced cuproptosis induced by copper ionophores in primary liver cancer. [Abstract]2023 Jun 6;42(1):142. PMID: 37277863 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Addressing Clinical Limitations of Glutaminase Inhibitors: Novel Strategies for Osimertinib-Resistant Lung Cancer by Exploiting Glutamine Metabolic Dependency. [Abstract]2025 Feb;12(6):e2411479. PMID: 39680480 -
Cell Rep Med
Enhancing gastric cancer immunotherapy: Insights from multi-omics analysis and innovations in photodynamic-chemotherapy nanoplatforms. [Abstract]2026 Mar 17;7(3):102635. PMID: 41747719 -
Carbohydr Polym
Hijacking the hyaluronan assisted iron endocytosis to promote the ferroptosis in anticancer photodynamic therapy. [Abstract]2025 Mar 1:351:123123. PMID: 39779030 -
J Allergy Clin Immunol
Untargeted metabolomic profiling identifies disease-specific and outcome-related signatures in chronic rhinosinusitis. [Abstract]2022 Sep;150(3):727-735.e6. PMID: 35460727 -
Int J Biol Sci
2022 Jan 1;18(2):717-730. PMID: 35002520 -
Cell Death Discov
Pregnane X receptor protects against age-related bone loss in males via PI3K/Akt-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. [Abstract]2025 Nov 7;11(1):511. PMID: 41203627 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
Targeting PPARα activation sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide and reverses acquired resistance by inhibiting H3K18 lactylation. [Abstract]2025 Jun 11. PMID: 40500345 -
Biomater Res
A Multimodal Energy-Depletion Strategy for Cooperative Tumor Metabolism Regulation in Enhanced Cancer Therapy. [Abstract]2025 Nov 17:29:0246. PMID: 41255515 -
J Transl Med
ZSWIM4 inhibition improves chemosensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancer cells by suppressing intracellular glycine biosynthesis. [Abstract]2024 Feb 21;22(1):192. PMID: 38383406 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Mitochondrial ROS triggers mitophagy through activating the DNA damage response signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Oct 7;122(40):e2502841122. PMID: 41026812 -
Dev Cell
A single fluorescent probe to examine the dynamics of mitochondria-lysosome interplay and extracellular vesicle role in ferroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Feb 26;59(4):517-528.e3. PMID: 38272028 -
Int J Biol Macromol
Reticuline isomerase AKR1B1 with aldo-keto reductase activity and detoxification function from the insect Blaps rhynchopetera. [Abstract]2026 Mar:352:151224. PMID: 41791543 -
Int J Biol Macromol
S100A4 regulates ferroptosis to suppress cell proliferation via the SLC7A11-GSH axis but facilitates Brucella infection in RAW264.7 macrophages. [Abstract]2025 Dec;333(Pt 1):148831. PMID: 41203174 -
Free Radic Biol Med
DLAT sustains redox homeostasis and prevent colorectal cancer from ferroptosis by regulating SLC25A39-mediated mitochondrial glutathione transport. [Abstract]2026 Aug 1:251:229-242. PMID: 42009144 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Jejunal epithelial barrier disruption triggered by reactive oxygen species in early SIV infected rhesus macaques. [Abstract]2021 Dec:177:143-155. PMID: 34687865 -
Cell Rep
Microglial macrophage-derived ds-HMGB1 in DRG orchestrates neuropathic pain through immune-neural signaling. [Abstract]2025 Dec 10;44(12):116671. PMID: 41385369 -
Cell Rep
Oxidative stress and Kras mutation in Mist1+ cells act in a double-hit manner to drive gastric tumorigenesis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 12;44(7):116014. PMID: 40652510 -
Chin J Nat Med
The crucial role of metabolic regulation in differential hepatotoxicity induced by furanoids in Dioscorea bulbifera. [Abstract]2020 Jan;18(1):57-69. PMID: 31955824 -
Anal Chem
Viability-Informed Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry for More Comprehensive Metabolic Analysis. [Abstract]2026 Jan 23. PMID: 41574827 -
Bioeng Transl Med
Nanoalbumin-prodrug conjugates prepared via a thiolation-and-conjugation method improve cancer chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy by promoting CD8+ T-cell infiltration. [Abstract]2022 Jul 30;8(1):e10377. PMID: 36684090 -
Mar Drugs
Xanthocillin X Dimethyl Ether Exhibits Anti-Proliferative Effect on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Depletion of Mitochondrial Heme. [Abstract]2025 Mar 28;23(4):146. PMID: 40278267 -
Int J Mol Sci
MTX-211 Inhibits GSH Synthesis through Keap1/NRF2/GCLM Axis and Exerts Antitumor Effects in Bladder Cancer. [Abstract]2023 Apr 20;24(8):7608. PMID: 37108769 -
Int J Mol Sci
Ferroptosis and Apoptosis Are Involved in the Formation of L-Selenomethionine-Induced Ocular Defects in Zebrafish Embryos. [Abstract]2022 Apr 26;23(9):4783. PMID: 35563172 -
mBio
2023 Feb 28;14(1):e0237022. PMID: 36507835 -
Chem Biol Interact
Co-exposure to PS-NPs and HFPO-TA potentiates reproductive toxicity via ferroptosis and SLC1A5-Mediated glutamine deprivation in male mice. [Abstract]2026 Jun 1:432:112059. PMID: 41887313 -
Nanoscale
Targeting glutamine metabolism combined with a nanoradioenhancer in radioresistant hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 Apr 14. PMID: 41978422 -
Chem Biol Interact
Metallothioneins protect against isoconazole nitrate-induced antitumor activity through the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Sep 5:418:111614. PMID: 40541645 -
Molecules
Untargeted Metabolomics Using UHPLC-HRMS Reveals Metabolic Changes of Fresh-Cut Potato during Browning Process. [Abstract]2023 Apr 11;28(8):3375. PMID: 37110608 -
Sci Rep
Chemotherapeutic hormesis induced by the tumor microenvironment in refractory ovarian cancer. [Abstract]2025 Jan 2;15(1):596. PMID: 39747971 -
Brain Res Bull
Nerol ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in vascular dementia rats by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and reducing hippocampal senescence. [Abstract]2026 Feb:235:111753. PMID: 41619816 -
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BMC Cancer
2022 Jul 2;22(1):724. PMID: 35778693 -
J Chromatogr A
Preparation of thiol-free amino acid plasma matrix for quantification of thiol amino acids and their oxidized forms in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. [Abstract]2024 Apr 12:1720:464776. PMID: 38432109 -
J Cancer
Combination of Metformin and Sorafenib Induces Ferroptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway. [Abstract]2022 Sep 6;13(11):3234-3243. PMID: 36118519 -
Kaohsiung J Med Sci
Dihydroartemisinin enhances gefitinib cytotoxicity against lung adenocarcinoma cells by inducing ROS-dependent apoptosis and ferroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Jul;39(7):699-709. PMID: 37057810 -
Life Sci Alliance
HCV poly U/UC sequence-induced inflammation leads to metabolic disorders in vulvar lichen sclerosis. [Abstract]2021 Jun 18;4(8):e202000906. PMID: 34145025 -
Discov Oncol
UBE2C-mediated ubiquitination of ACSL4 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes gastric cancer progression. [Abstract]2025 Aug 15;16(1):1557. PMID: 40813933 -
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Biomed Pharmacother
Elesclomol-copper synergizes with imidazole ketone erastin by promoting cuproptosis and ferroptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes. [Abstract]2024 Jun:175:116727. PMID: 38733771 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 62.5 mg/mL (203.37 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (325.39 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (271 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 3.2539 mL | 16.2697 mL | 32.5394 mL | 81.3484 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6508 mL | 3.2539 mL | 6.5079 mL | 16.2697 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3254 mL | 1.6270 mL | 3.2539 mL | 8.1348 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2169 mL | 1.0846 mL | 2.1693 mL | 5.4232 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1627 mL | 0.8135 mL | 1.6270 mL | 4.0674 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1302 mL | 0.6508 mL | 1.3016 mL | 3.2539 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1085 mL | 0.5423 mL | 1.0846 mL | 2.7116 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0813 mL | 0.4067 mL | 0.8135 mL | 2.0337 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0651 mL | 0.3254 mL | 0.6508 mL | 1.6270 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0542 mL | 0.2712 mL | 0.5423 mL | 1.3558 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0407 mL | 0.2034 mL | 0.4067 mL | 1.0169 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0325 mL | 0.1627 mL | 0.3254 mL | 0.8135 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.