2. Neuronal Signaling
  3. Amyloid-β
  4. Thioflavin T

Thioflavin T  (Synonyms: Basic Yellow 1)

Cat. No.: HY-D0218 Purity: 98.45%
COA Handling Instructions

Molarity Calculator

Thioflavin T is a cationic Benzothiazole dye that shows enhanced fluorescence upon binding to amyloid in tissue sections.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Thioflavin T Chemical Structure

Thioflavin T Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 2390-54-7

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Thioflavin T Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

  • Biological Activity

  • Protocol

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Thioflavin T is a cationic Benzothiazole dye that shows enhanced fluorescence upon binding to amyloid in tissue sections.

In Vitro

Thioflavin T (ThT) is a benzothiazole dye that exhibits enhanced fluorescence upon binding to amyloid fibrils and is commonly used to diagnose amyloid fibrils, both ex vivo and in vitro. In aqueous solutions, Thioflavin T is found to exist as micelles at concentrations commonly used to monitor fibrils by fluorescence assay (~10-20 μM). Specific conductivity changes are measured at varying concentration of Thioflavin T and the critical micellar concentration is calculated to be 4.0±0.5 μM. Changes in the fluorescence excitation and emission of Thioflavin T are also dependent on the micelle formation. The Thioflavin T micelles of 3 nm diameter are directly visualized using atomic force microscopy, and bound Thioflavin T micelles are observed along the fibril length for representative fibrils. Increasing concentration of Thioflavin T above the critical micellar concentration shows increased numbers of micelles bound along the length of the amyloid fibrils. Thioflavin T micelles are disrupted at low pH as observed by atomic force microscopy and fluorescence enhancement upon binding of Thioflavin T to amyloid fibrils also reduced by several-fold upon decreasing the pH to below 3.The micelles of Thioflavin T bind amyloid fibrils leading to enhancement of fluorescence emission[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Thioflavin T Related Antibodies
Molecular Weight

318.86

Formula

C17H19ClN2S
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Yellow to orange

SMILES

CC1=CC=C2[N+](C)=C(C3=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C3)SC2=C1.[Cl-]
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 16.67 mg/mL (52.28 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 5 mg/mL (15.68 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.1362 mL 15.6809 mL 31.3617 mL
5 mM 0.6272 mL 3.1362 mL 6.2723 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (5.24 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 98.45%

COA (247 KB) HNMR (275 KB) LCMS (273 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
Dyeing Example
References
Kinase Assay
[1]

Thioflavin T (ThT) is prepared by dissolving ~3 mg dry powder in 1 mL water. The solution is filtered through 0.22 μm syringe filters followed by measurement of the concentration by diluting the stock solution in ethanol and using an extinction coefficient of 26,620 M-1 cm-1 at 416 nm. The stock solution is stored at 4 °C covered with foil and used for up to a month to make assay solutions by diluting either in water or desired buffer[1].
Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence emission is measured with excitation at 450 nm and recording the spectrum between 465 and 565 nm with 5 nm slits using a FluoroMax 2 spectrofluorometer. The excitation spectra are collected by setting the emission wavelength to 482 nm and collecting the spectrum between 300 and 470 nm with 5 nm slit widths, and 1 s integration time and 1 nm interval. Emission spectra between 465 and 565 nm are collected upon excitation at 450 nm. Excitation and emission spectra in the presence of amyloid fibrils are measured with varying concentrations of Thioflavin T and 5 ng/mL amyloid (calculated based on starting protein concentration) before collecting the spectra[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 3.1362 mL 15.6809 mL 31.3617 mL 78.4043 mL
5 mM 0.6272 mL 3.1362 mL 6.2723 mL 15.6809 mL
10 mM 0.3136 mL 1.5681 mL 3.1362 mL 7.8404 mL
15 mM 0.2091 mL 1.0454 mL 2.0908 mL 5.2270 mL
DMSO 20 mM 0.1568 mL 0.7840 mL 1.5681 mL 3.9202 mL
25 mM 0.1254 mL 0.6272 mL 1.2545 mL 3.1362 mL
30 mM 0.1045 mL 0.5227 mL 1.0454 mL 2.6135 mL
40 mM 0.0784 mL 0.3920 mL 0.7840 mL 1.9601 mL
50 mM 0.0627 mL 0.3136 mL 0.6272 mL 1.5681 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Thioflavin T Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Thioflavin T2390-54-7Basic Yellow 1Basic Yellow1Basic Yellow-1Amyloid-ββ-amyloid peptideAβAbetaInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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