Thioflavin T
Based on 30 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Thioflavin T is a cationic Benzothiazole dye that shows enhanced fluorescence upon binding to amyloid in tissue sections. Excitation max.: ~385 nm (free); ~450 nm (bound); Emission max.: ~445 nm (free); ~485 nm (bound).
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.40%
- CAS No.: 2390-54-7
- Formula: C17H19ClN2S
- Molecular Weight:318.86
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Thioflavin T
More- Adv Mater. 2025 Jun 9:e2504363. [Abstract]
- Adv Mater. 2025 Apr 29:e2418560. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2025 Jan 14;19(1):1702-1712. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 17;13(1):1444. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul 29:e01977. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan 10:e2405054. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2022 Feb 28;12(6):2549-2559. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2024 Oct 1.
- Chem Eng J. 2024 Sep 1.
- Sci Adv. 2026 Mar 27;12(13):eaeb2729. [Abstract]
- J Biomed Sci. 2025 Feb 5;32(1):15. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Aug 27;121(35):e2321633121. [Abstract]
- Mol Med. 2024 Mar 16;30(1):39. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2025 Feb 26;73(8):4659-4672. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2020 Feb 1;187:111961. [Abstract]
- Biomacromolecules. 2025 Aug 31. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2023 Jan 26;19(1):e1011131. [Abstract]
- Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2026 Jun 5:354:127637. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 22;14(1):24846. [Abstract]
- Langmuir. 2023 Feb 7;39(5):1997-2007. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Sci. (Jan 2022): 689-696.
- Neuroscience. 2018 Aug 10:385:90-101. [Abstract]
- FEBS Open Bio. 2020 Oct;10(10):2122-2136. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Dec 9:795:153117. [Abstract]
- Neurol Res. 2025 Sep 13:1-18. [Abstract]
- J Vet Med Sci. 2021 Sep;7(5):1938-1947. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Dec 18:2025.12.18.695067. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2025 Nov 25.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Sep 16.
- Res Sq. 2025 Jun 19.
Customer Validation & Images
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IF
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
Biological Activity
Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that can bind to β-fold-rich structures and is often used to measure protein fibrillation. Once bound, the emission spectrum of Thioflavin T will be red-shifted and the fluorescence intensity will increase, which can also be used to detect fibril formation. Here is a reference protocol for Aβ fibrils detection[2][3]:
Guide (The following is the experimental plan we recommend. This plan serves only as a reference guide. The specific operations should be adjusted according to your actual needs.)
1. Prepare a 1 mM Thioflavin T stock solution in distilled water.
2. Prepare a mixed sample containing LMW Aβ42 (5.5 μM), Thioflavin T solution (20 μM), and NaCl (100 mM).
3. The mixtures were prepared in a 96-well half-area microplate. Seal the well plate and place it in a shaking incubator at 37°C for indicated time.
4. Shake for 20 seconds before testing. Set the excitation light to 450 nm and the emission light to 485 nm. Read the fluorescence value using a microplate reader.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 2390-54-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 318.86
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Formula C17H19ClN2S
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Color Yellow to orange
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SMILES
CC1=CC=C2[N+](C)=C(C3=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C3)SC2=C1.[Cl-]
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Synonyms
Basic Yellow 1
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (30)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Adv Mater
Cell Surface-Confined DNAzyme Coordination-Facilitated Logical Engineering for Precise Cell Identification. [Abstract]2025 Jun 9:e2504363. PMID: 40489061 -
Adv Mater
Hybrid Lipoplex Boosts Neuron-Microglia Crosstalk for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease through Aβ-Targeted-Autophagy and ApoE2 Gene Supplementation. [Abstract]2025 Apr 29:e2418560. PMID: 40296752 -
ACS Nano
Overcoming Nanosilver Resistance: Resensitizing Bacteria and Targeting Evolutionary Mechanisms. [Abstract]2025 Jan 14;19(1):1702-1712. PMID: 39739341 -
Nat Commun
2022 Mar 17;13(1):1444. PMID: 35301316
Thioflavin T purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 17;13(1):1444. [Abstract]
ThT (right panel) fluorescence emission spectra of PQS-1017, PQS-1370, and PQS-1585 RNA under KCl or LiCl conditions. The excitation wavelength of ThT is 425 nm, and the emission spectrum of ThT is collected in the range of 450 nm to 700 nm.
Thioflavin T purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2022 Mar 17;13(1):1444. [Abstract]
ThT fluorescence emission spectra of PQS-675-WT, PQS-675-Mut, and PQS-1281-WT RNA under KCl or LiCl conditions. The excitation wavelength of ThT is 425 nm, and the emission spectrum of ThT is collected in the range of 450 nm to 700 nm.
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
2025 Jul 29:e01977. PMID: 40729735
Thioflavin T purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul 29:e01977. [Abstract]
Gastric cancer tissue samples (either EBER+ or EBER‐) were collected for immunofluorescence and thioflavin T (final concentration of 400 mM, incubated in the dark for 30 min) staining. Co‐localization of Cy3‐labeled EBNA1 with thioflavin T green fluorescence was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Cy3 labels EBNA1; Thioflavin T: green fluorescence, labels amyloid aggregates; DAPI: labels nuclei. Scale bar: 20 µm.
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Adv Sci (Weinh)
2025 Jan 10:e2405054. PMID: 39792612
Thioflavin T purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan 10:e2405054. [Abstract]
Evaluation of the time (0-30 h)‐dependent fluorescence evolution of ThT in the presence of CsgA or CsgA‐GHK, demonstrating the successful formation of fibrils. Insert indicates the fluorescence spectra. A plain buffer was used as a control. (ThT concentration: 1 × 10−2 mM).
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Theranostics
High-fidelity imaging of amyloid-beta deposits with an ultrasensitive fluorescent probe facilitates the early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. [Abstract]2022 Feb 28;12(6):2549-2559. PMID: 35401818
Thioflavin T purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2022 Feb 28;12(6):2549-2559. [Abstract]
Fluorescence increment of probe AH-2 (at 587 nm) in comparison to ThT (at 480 nm) in response to Aβ fibrils. Each probe was kept at 2, 4, or 8 µM; Aβ fibrils were kept at 2 µM. F was the intensity of the probe treated with Aβ fibrils; while F0 was the probe intensity at the indicated concentration without Aβ fibrils treatment.
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Sci Adv
Clinically relevant stereochemistry reprograms amyloid proteome for aggregation cross-talk-conferred neuroprotection. [Abstract]2026 Mar 27;12(13):eaeb2729. PMID: 41894504 -
J Biomed Sci
Targeting the G-quadruplex as a novel strategy for developing antibiotics against hypervirulent drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [Abstract]2025 Feb 5;32(1):15. PMID: 39905515 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2024 Aug 27;121(35):e2321633121. PMID: 39172784 -
Mol Med
Involvement of Fgf2-mediated tau protein phosphorylation in cognitive deficits induced by sevoflurane in aged rats. [Abstract]2024 Mar 16;30(1):39. PMID: 38493090 -
J Agric Food Chem
Molecular Observations on the Regulation of hIAPP Aggregation Process and Enhancement of Autophagy by the Short Peptide LPFYPN and Its Modified Peptides of Coix Seed Prolamins. [Abstract]2025 Feb 26;73(8):4659-4672. PMID: 39950826 -
Eur J Med Chem
2020 Feb 1;187:111961. PMID: 31865017 -
Biomacromolecules
2025 Aug 31. PMID: 40887766 -
PLoS Pathog
2023 Jan 26;19(1):e1011131. PMID: 36701392 -
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
Communication of bifunctional G-quadruplex chaperone with aptamer for highly selective adenosine signaling by an ESIPT fluorogen. [Abstract]2026 Jun 5:354:127637. PMID: 41762796 -
Sci Rep
Thioflavin-T: application as a neuronal body and nucleolar stain and the blue light photo enhancement effect. [Abstract]2024 Oct 22;14(1):24846. PMID: 39438516 -
Langmuir
Mechanistic Insights of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Different Surface Charges on Aβ42 Peptide Early Aggregation: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. [Abstract]2023 Feb 7;39(5):1997-2007. PMID: 36706054 -
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Neuroscience
Mitoferrin-1 is Involved in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Through Targeting Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease. [Abstract]2018 Aug 10:385:90-101. PMID: 29908215 -
FEBS Open Bio
T-type calcium channel blockade induces apoptosis in C2C12 myotubes and skeletal muscle via endoplasmic reticulum stress activation. [Abstract]2020 Oct;10(10):2122-2136. PMID: 32865339
Thioflavin T purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: FEBS Open Bio. 2020 Oct;10(10):2122-2136. [Abstract]
The intracellular ERS analysis by ThT (0-10 μM, 20 min) assay under a fluorescence microscope and mean ThT fluorescence intensities were presented.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2025 Dec 9:795:153117. PMID: 41380445 -
Neurol Res
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide ameliorates neurotoxicity in Alzheimer disease mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid raft formation through AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Sep 13:1-18. PMID: 40946159 -
J Vet Med Sci
Elevated temperatures accelerate the formation of toxic amyloid fibrils of hen egg-white lysozyme. [Abstract]2021 Sep;7(5):1938-1947. PMID: 33978313 -
bioRxiv
Conformation-specific Antibody Deciphers K27-linked Ubiquitination in Chaperone-Mediated Proteostasis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 18:2025.12.18.695067. PMID: 41446272 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 16.67 mg/mL (52.28 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 5 mg/mL (15.68 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Protocol
Thioflavin T (ThT) is prepared by dissolving ~3 mg dry powder in 1 mL water. The solution is filtered through 0.22 μm syringe filters followed by measurement of the concentration by diluting the stock solution in ethanol and using an extinction coefficient of 26,620 M-1 cm-1 at 416 nm. The stock solution is stored at 4 °C covered with foil and used for up to a month to make assay solutions by diluting either in water or desired buffer[1].
Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence emission is measured with excitation at 450 nm and recording the spectrum between 465 and 565 nm with 5 nm slits using a FluoroMax 2 spectrofluorometer. The excitation spectra are collected by setting the emission wavelength to 482 nm and collecting the spectrum between 300 and 470 nm with 5 nm slit widths, and 1 s integration time and 1 nm interval. Emission spectra between 465 and 565 nm are collected upon excitation at 450 nm. Excitation and emission spectra in the presence of amyloid fibrils are measured with varying concentrations of Thioflavin T and 5 ng/mL amyloid (calculated based on starting protein concentration) before collecting the spectra[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (275 KB)
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SDS (726 KB)
- English - EN (726 KB)
- Français - FR (726 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (726 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (726 KB)
- Español - ES (726 KB)
- Swedish - SV (726 KB)
- Italian - IT (726 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (726 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Khurana R, et al. Mechanism of thioflavin T binding to amyloid fibrils. J Struct Biol. 2005 Sep;151(3):229-38. [Content Brief]
[2]. Nakano H, et al. Globular-shaped Aβ oligomers have diverse mechanisms for promoting Aβ aggregations with the facilitation of fibril elongation. Neurobiol Dis. 2025 Feb;205:106775. [Content Brief]
[3]. Muramatsu D, et al. ALZ-801 prevents amyloid β-protein assembly and reduces cytotoxicity: A preclinical experimental study. FASEB J. 2025 Feb 15;39(3):e70382. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 3.1362 mL | 15.6809 mL | 31.3617 mL | 78.4043 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6272 mL | 3.1362 mL | 6.2723 mL | 15.6809 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3136 mL | 1.5681 mL | 3.1362 mL | 7.8404 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2091 mL | 1.0454 mL | 2.0908 mL | 5.2270 mL | |
| DMSO | 20 mM | 0.1568 mL | 0.7840 mL | 1.5681 mL | 3.9202 mL |
| 25 mM | 0.1254 mL | 0.6272 mL | 1.2545 mL | 3.1362 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1045 mL | 0.5227 mL | 1.0454 mL | 2.6135 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0784 mL | 0.3920 mL | 0.7840 mL | 1.9601 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0627 mL | 0.3136 mL | 0.6272 mL | 1.5681 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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