Defensin beta 4A

Definition:

Exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, with highest activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial activity against P.aruginosa seems to be salt-sensitive and is reduced with high salt concentrations greater than 25 mM. Also exhibits antimicrobial activity against the yeast C.albicans. Permeabilizes C.albicans cell membranes via targeting plasma membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), thereby leading to cell fragmentation and cell death. Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR6. Binds to CCR6 and induces chemotactic activity of CCR6-expressing cells, such as immature dendritic cells and memory T cells.

References:

[1]. J Harder, et al. A peptide antibiotic from human skin. Nature. 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861. [Content Brief]

[2]. D Yang, et al. Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6. Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):525-8. [Content Brief]

[3]. Johann Röhrl, et al. Specific binding and chemotactic activity of mBD4 and its functional orthologue hBD2 to CCR6-expressing cells. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 5;285(10):7028-34. [Content Brief]

[4]. Michael Järvå, et al. Human β-defensin 2 kills Candida albicans through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-mediated membrane permeabilization. Sci Adv. 2018 Jul 25;4(7):eaat0979. [Content Brief]

[5]. J Harder, et al. Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, but not IL-6, induce human beta-defensin-2 in respiratory epithelia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;22(6):714-21. [Content Brief]

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