Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1

Definition

Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. Highly expressed in epithelial cells of the small intestine and its activity is essential for the absorption of dietary fats. In liver, plays a role in esterifying exogenous fatty acids to glycerol, and is required to synthesize fat for storage. Also present in female mammary glands, where it produces fat in the milk (By similarity). May be involved in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly. In contrast to DGAT2 it is not essential for survival (By similarity). Functions as the major acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in the skin, where it acts to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid toxicity leading to skin and hair disorders. Exhibits additional acyltransferase activities, includin acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT), wax monoester and wax diester synthases (By similarity). Also able to use 1-monoalkylglycerol (1-MAkG) as an acyl acceptor for the synthesis of monoalkyl-monoacylglycerol (MAMAG).

References:

[1]. Lie Wang, et al. Structure and mechanism of human diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1. Nature. 2020 May;581(7808):329-332. [Content Brief]

[2]. Xuewu Sui, et al. Structure and catalytic mechanism of a human triacylglycerol-synthesis enzyme. Nature. 2020 May;581(7808):323-328. [Content Brief]

[3]. Zhengping Ma, et al. Synthesis of neutral ether lipid monoalkyl-diacylglycerol by lipid acyltransferases. J Lipid Res. 2017 Jun;58(6):1091-1099. [Content Brief]

[4]. P Oelkers, et al. Characterization of two human genes encoding acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-related enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 9;273(41):26765-71. [Content Brief]

[5]. Michael D Orland, et al. Acyl coenzyme A dependent retinol esterification by acyl coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Oct 15;1737(1):76-82. [Content Brief]

[6]. Dong Cheng, et al. Acylation of acylglycerols by acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1). Functional importance of DGAT1 in the intestinal fat absorption. J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 31;283(44):29802-11. [Content Brief]

生物医学辞典

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