DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3A

Definition:

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) with restriction activity against viruses, foreign DNA and mobility of retrotransposons. Exhibits antiviral activity against adeno-associated virus (AAV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and can deaminate both methylcytosine and cytosine in foreign DNA. Can induce somatic hypermutation in the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation.

References:

[1]. Roberto Mariani, et al. Species-specific exclusion of APOBEC3G from HIV-1 virions by Vif. Cell. 2003 Jul 11;114(1):21-31. [Content Brief]

[2]. Hui Chen, et al. APOBEC3A is a potent inhibitor of adeno-associated virus and retrotransposons. Curr Biol. 2006 Mar 7;16(5):480-5. [Content Brief]

[3]. Sébastien Landry, et al. APOBEC3A can activate the DNA damage response and cause cell-cycle arrest. EMBO Rep. 2011 May;12(5):444-50. [Content Brief]

[4]. Mark D Stenglein, et al. APOBEC3 proteins mediate the clearance of foreign DNA from human cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Feb;17(2):222-9. [Content Brief]

[5]. Marcel Ooms, et al. APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3H haplotype 2 restrict human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. J Virol. 2012 Jun;86(11):6097-108. [Content Brief]

[6]. Iñigo Narvaiza, et al. Deaminase-independent inhibition of parvoviruses by the APOBEC3A cytidine deaminase. PLoS Pathog. 2009 May;5(5):e1000439. [Content Brief]

[7]. Junjie U Guo, et al. Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain. Cell. 2011 Apr 29;145(3):423-34. [Content Brief]

[8]. Michael A Carpenter, et al. Methylcytosine and normal cytosine deamination by the foreign DNA restriction enzyme APOBEC3A. J Biol Chem. 2012 Oct 5;287(41):34801-8. [Content Brief]

[9]. P Madsen, et al. Psoriasis upregulated phorbolin-1 shares structural but not functional similarity to the mRNA-editing protein apobec-1. J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Aug;113(2):162-9. [Content Brief]

[10]. Yannick Bulliard, et al. Structure-function analyses point to a polynucleotide-accommodating groove essential for APOBEC3A restriction activities. J Virol. 2011 Feb;85(4):1765-76. [Content Brief]

[11]. Rodolphe Suspène, et al. Somatic hypermutation of human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, a pathway for DNA catabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 22;108(12):4858-63. [Content Brief]

[12]. Beth K Thielen, et al. Innate immune signaling induces high levels of TC-specific deaminase activity in primary monocyte-derived cells through expression of APOBEC3A isoforms. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 3;285(36):27753-66. [Content Brief]

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