Dyslexia

Definition:

Dyslexia is defined by severe difficulties in reading acquisition, often accompanied by spelling difficulties and affects a large number of people (5-10%). It is caused by multiple genetic and environmental risk factors as well as their interplay. Several candidate genes have been identified in the past decade. However, effects of individual genetic variations on dyslexia-associated deficits are only moderate. At the brain level, dyslexia is associated with aberrant structure and function, particularly in left hemisphere reading-language networks.

References:

[1]. Barkur S Shastry, et al. Developmental dyslexia: an update. J Hum Genet. 2007;52(2):104-109. [Content Brief]

[2]. Claudia Männel, et al. Working-memory endophenotype and dyslexia-associated genetic variant predict dyslexia phenotype. Cortex. 2015 Oct;71:291-305. [Content Brief]

[3]. Idor Svensson, et al. Familial dyslexia in a large Swedish family: a whole genome linkage scan. Behav Genet. 2011 Jan;41(1):43-9. [Content Brief]

[4]. Mikko Taipale, et al. A candidate gene for developmental dyslexia encodes a nuclear tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein dynamically regulated in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 30;100(20):11553-8. [Content Brief]

[5]. Natalie Cope, et al. Strong evidence that KIAA0319 on chromosome 6p is a susceptibility gene for developmental dyslexia. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Apr;76(4):581-91. [Content Brief]

[6]. Robin L Peterson, et al. Developmental dyslexia. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2015;11:283-307. [Content Brief]

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