Definition:

Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetrical swelling and skin induration of the arms and/or legs, evolving into a scleroderma-like appearance, accompanied by peripheral blood eosinophilia. The disease is present almost equally in both sexes. The etiology of EF remains uncertain. Hematological, infectious, and autoimmune diseases, as well as intense physical exertion, chemical compounds, drugs, solid neoplasms, and physical factors have been proposed as possible triggers and associated factors. Some researchers have proposed an aberrant immune response as the main pathogenetic mechanism. Some EF patients improve spontaneously without treatment, but in those who do not, glucocorticoids are the mainstay therapy. Methotrexate at low doses is probably the most favored second-line treatment, especially in patients with morphea-like skin lesions.