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Galactoside alpha-

Definition:

Catalyzes the transfer of L-fucose, from a guanosine diphosphate-beta-L-fucose, to the terminal galactose on both O- and N-linked glycans chains of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids and the resulting epitope regulates several processes such as cell-cell interaction including host-microbe interaction, cell surface expression and cell proliferation. Preferentially fucosylates gangliosides GA1 and GM1 in the antrum, cecum and colon and in the female reproductive organs (By similarity). Fucosylated host glycoproteins or glycolipids mediate interaction with intestinal microbiota influencing its composition. Creates a soluble precursor oligosaccharide FuC-alpha ((1,2)Galbeta-) called the H antigen which is an essential substrate for the final step in the soluble ABO blood group antigen synthesis pathway.

References:

[1]. R J Kelly, et al. Sequence and expression of a candidate for the human Secretor blood group alpha(1,2)fucosyltransferase gene (FUT2). Homozygosity for an enzyme-inactivating nonsense mutation commonly correlates with the non-secretor phenotype. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 3;270(9):4640-9. [Content Brief]

[2]. Lisa Lindesmith, et al. Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection. Nat Med. 2003 May;9(5):548-53. [Content Brief]

[3]. T Borén, et al. Attachment of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric epithelium mediated by blood group antigens. Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1892-5. [Content Brief]

[4]. Pirjo Wacklin, et al. Faecal microbiota composition in adults is associated with the FUT2 gene determining the secretor status. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 14;9(4):e94863. [Content Brief]

[5]. Pirjo Wacklin, et al. Secretor genotype (FUT2 gene) is strongly associated with the composition of Bifidobacteria in the human intestine. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e20113. [Content Brief]

[6]. Philipp Rausch, et al. Colonic mucosa-associated microbiota is influenced by an interaction of Crohn disease and FUT2 (Secretor) genotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 22;108(47):19030-5. [Content Brief]

[7]. Thomas M Moehler, et al. Involvement of alpha 1-2-fucosyltransferase I (FUT1) and surface-expressed Lewis(y) (CD174) in first endothelial cell-cell contacts during angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol. 2008 Apr;215(1):27-36. [Content Brief]

[8]. R D Larsen, et al. Molecular cloning, sequence, and expression of a human GDP-L-fucose:beta-D-galactoside 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase cDNA that can form the H blood group antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6674-8. [Content Brief]

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