Glycine encephalopathy with normal serum glycine

Definition:

Glycine encephalopathy [DS:H00191], also known as nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), is characterized by severe neurologic dysfunctions. Recently, some individuals with NKH-like symptoms but lacking the typical elevation of serum glycine have been reported. They carry mutations in the SLC6A9 gene, that encodes glycine transporter (GLYT1). GLYT1 is located predominantly on astrocytes and is essential for the clearance of glycine from the extracellular space and termination of glycinergic neurotransmission.

References:

[1]. Alina Kurolap, et al. Loss of Glycine Transporter 1 Causes a Subtype of Glycine Encephalopathy with Arthrogryposis and Mildly Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Glycine. Am J Hum Genet. 2016 Nov 3;99(5):1172-1180. [Content Brief]

[2]. Jesús Gomeza, et al. Inactivation of the glycine transporter 1 gene discloses vital role of glial glycine uptake in glycinergic inhibition. Neuron. 2003 Nov 13;40(4):785-96. [Content Brief]

[3]. Majid Alfadhel, et al. Mutation in SLC6A9 encoding a glycine transporter causes a novel form of non-ketotic hyperglycinemia in humans. Hum Genet. 2016 Nov;135(11):1263-1268. [Content Brief]

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