Hexokinase-1

Definition:

Catalyzes the phosphorylation of various hexoses, such as D-glucose, D-glucosamine, D-fructose, D-mannose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-glucosamine 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-mannose 6-phosphate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate, respectively). Does not phosphorylate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6-phosphate (By similarity). Involved in innate immunity and inflammation by acting as a pattern recognition receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan. When released in the cytosol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine component of bacterial peptidoglycan inhibits the hexokinase activity of HK1 and causes its dissociation from mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.

References:

[1]. Andrea J Wolf, et al. Hexokinase Is an Innate Immune Receptor for the Detection of Bacterial Peptidoglycan. Cell. 2016 Jul 28;166(3):624-636. [Content Brief]

[2]. Feng Wang, et al. A missense mutation in HK1 leads to autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Oct 14;55(11):7159-64. [Content Brief]

[3]. M Magnani, et al. A recombinant human 'mini'-hexokinase is catalytically active and regulated by hexose 6-phosphates. Biochem J. 1992 Jul 1;285 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):193-9. [Content Brief]

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