Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2

Definition:

Tyrosine kinase of the non-receptor type involved in numerous cytokines and interferons signaling, which regulates cell growth, development, cell migration, innate and adaptive immunity. Plays both structural and catalytic roles in numerous interleukins and interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) signaling. Associates with heterodimeric cytokine receptor complexes and activates STAT family members including STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 or STAT6. The heterodimeric cytokine receptor complexes are composed of (1) a TYK2-associated receptor chain (IFNAR1, IL12RB1, IL10RB or IL13RA1), and (2) a second receptor chain associated either with JAK1 or JAK2. In response to cytokine-binding to receptors, phosphorylates and activates receptors (IFNAR1, IL12RB1, IL10RB or IL13RA1), creating docking sites for STAT members. In turn, recruited STATs are phosphorylated by TYK2 (or JAK1/JAK2 on the second receptor chain), form homo- and heterodimers, translocate to the nucleus, and regulate cytokine/growth factor responsive genes. Negatively regulates STAT3 activity by promototing phosphorylation at a specific tyrosine that differs from the site used for signaling.

References:

[1]. Raffaele Mori, et al. TYK2-induced phosphorylation of Y640 suppresses STAT3 transcriptional activity. Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 21;7(1):15919. [Content Brief]

[2]. C M Bacon, et al. Interleukin 12 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT4 in human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 1;92(16):7307-11. [Content Brief]

[3]. M Müller, et al. The protein tyrosine kinase JAK1 complements defects in interferon-alpha/beta and -gamma signal transduction. Nature. 1993 Nov 11;366(6451):129-35. [Content Brief]

[4]. A Kusch, et al. Urokinase stimulates human vascular smooth muscle cell migration via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Tyk2 interaction. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 15;275(50):39466-73. [Content Brief]

[5]. O Colamonici, et al. Direct binding to and tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the type I interferon receptor by p135tyk2 tyrosine kinase. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Dec;14(12):8133-42. [Content Brief]

[6]. John S Tokarski, et al. Tyrosine Kinase 2-mediated Signal Transduction in T Lymphocytes Is Blocked by Pharmacological Stabilization of Its Pseudokinase Domain. J Biol Chem. 2015 Apr 24;290(17):11061-74. [Content Brief]

[7]. F W Quelle, et al. Phosphorylation and activation of the DNA binding activity of purified Stat1 by the Janus protein-tyrosine kinases and the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 1;270(35):20775-80. [Content Brief]

[8]. C Abramovich, et al. Differential tyrosine phosphorylation of the IFNAR chain of the type I interferon receptor and of an associated surface protein in response to IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. EMBO J. 1994 Dec 15;13(24):5871-7. [Content Brief]

[9]. M R Rani, et al. Catalytically active TYK2 is essential for interferon-beta-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 and interferon-alpha receptor-1 (IFNAR-1) but not for activation of phosphoinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 5;274(45):32507-11. [Content Brief]

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