Oligoribonuclease, mitochondrial

Definition:

3'-to-5'exoribonuclease that preferentially degrades DNA and RNA oligonucleotides composed of only two nucleotides. Binds and degrades longer oligonucleotides with a lower affinity. Plays dual roles in mitochondria, scavenging nanoRNAs (small RNA oligonucleotides of <5 nucleotides) that are produced by the degradosome and clearing short RNAs that are generated by RNA processing. Essential for correct initiation of mitochondrial transcription, degrading mitochondrial RNA dinucleotides to prevent RNA-primed transcription at non-canonical sites in the mitochondrial genome. Essential for embryonic development (By similarity).; [Isoform 3]: 3'-to-5'exoribonuclease that preferentially degrades DNA and RNA oligonucleotides composed of only two nucleotides.

References:

[1]. Lee-Ya Chu, et al. Structural insights into nanoRNA degradation by human Rexo2. RNA. 2019 Jun;25(6):737-746. [Content Brief]

[2]. Francesco Bruni, et al. REXO2 is an oligoribonuclease active in human mitochondria. PLoS One. 2013 May 31;8(5):e64670. [Content Brief]

[3]. L H Nguyen, et al. The human homolog of Escherichia coli Orn degrades small single-stranded RNA and DNA oligomers. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 25;275(34):25900-6. [Content Brief]

[4]. Thomas J Nicholls, et al. Dinucleotide Degradation by REXO2 Maintains Promoter Specificity in Mammalian Mitochondria. Mol Cell. 2019 Dec 5;76(5):784-796.e6. [Content Brief]

[5]. Undine Mechold, et al. Oligoribonuclease is a common downstream target of lithium-induced pAp accumulation in Escherichia coli and human cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 May 8;34(8):2364-73. [Content Brief]

[6]. Maciej Szewczyk, et al. Human REXO2 controls short mitochondrial RNAs generated by mtRNA processing and decay machinery to prevent accumulation of double-stranded RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Jun 4;48(10):5572-5590. [Content Brief]

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