Definition:

Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide consisting of nine amino acids produced by the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. After OT synthesis the neuropeptide is transported and stored in the neurohypophysis where it is released into the circulation and to peripheral effects. Another pathway is whereby paraventricular nuclei have specific projections, which deliver Oxytocin to other structures in the brain including amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. OT induces labor through increasing uterine tone and promoting uterine contractions. OT is also involved in maternal bonding, sexual behavior and affiliation.