Somatostatin receptor type 2

Definition:

Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and PLC via pertussis toxin insensitive as well as sensitive G proteins. Inhibits calcium entry by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channels. Acts as the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells where it mediates the inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on hormone secretion. Inhibits cell growth through enhancement of MAPK1 and MAPK2 phosphorylation and subsequent up-regulation of CDKN1B. Stimulates neuronal migration and axon outgrowth and may participate in neuron development and maturation during brain development. Mediates negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling through PTPN6. Inactivates SSTR3 receptor function following heterodimerization.

References:

[1]. Michael Grant, et al. Agonist-dependent dissociation of human somatostatin receptor 2 dimers: a role in receptor trafficking. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 27;279(35):36179-83. [Content Brief]

[2]. Balrik Kailey, et al. SSTR2 is the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in human pancreatic β- and α-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Nov 1;303(9):E1107-16. [Content Brief]

[3]. Michael Grant, et al. Cell growth inhibition and functioning of human somatostatin receptor type 2 are modulated by receptor heterodimerization. Mol Endocrinol. 2008 Oct;22(10):2278-92. [Content Brief]

[4]. Jesse J Parry, et al. Identification of critical residues involved in ligand binding and G protein signaling in human somatostatin receptor subtype 2. Endocrinology. 2012 Jun;153(6):2747-55. [Content Brief]

[5]. Virginia Le Verche, et al. The somatostatin 2A receptor is enriched in migrating neurons during rat and human brain development and stimulates migration and axonal outgrowth. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5509. [Content Brief]

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