Vesicoureteral reflux

Definition:

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal retrograde urinary flow from the bladder to the kidney that affects approximately 1% of the general population. It is associated with an increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, and renal scarring.

References:

[1]. Fernando Carvas, et al. The genetics of primary, nonsyndromic vesicoureteral reflux. Curr Opin Urol. 2010 Jul;20(4):336-42. [Content Brief]

[2]. Jonathan C Routh, et al. Vesicoureteral reflux: current trends in diagnosis, screening, and treatment. Eur Urol. 2012 Apr;61(4):773-82. [Content Brief]

[3]. Prem Puri, et al. Genetics of vesicoureteral reflux. Nat Rev Urol. 2011 Aug 23;8(10):539-52. [Content Brief]

[4]. Rasheed A Gbadegesin, et al. TNXB mutations can cause vesicoureteral reflux. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Jul;24(8):1313-22. [Content Brief]

[5]. Stefania Gimelli, et al. Mutations in SOX17 are associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract. Hum Mutat. 2010 Dec;31(12):1352-9. [Content Brief]

[6]. Weining Lu, et al. Disruption of ROBO2 is associated with urinary tract anomalies and confers risk of vesicoureteral reflux. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Apr;80(4):616-32. [Content Brief]

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