X-linked hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis

X-linked hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis (XLHN) includes four syndromes: X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis with renal failure, Dent disease, X-linked recessive hypophosphatemic rickets, and Low molecular weight proteinuria with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. These syndromes differ in degree from each other, but common themes include proximal tubular reabsorptive failure, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, progressive renal insufficiency, and in some cases rickets. They were reported independently, but mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCN5 have been identified in all four syndromes.