Mdm2-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor

Recently, p53 was demonstrated to affect the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in growth and survival of Cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms for interaction between p53 and IGF-1R are still not fully understood. One of the challenging questions remaining to be answered is why the wild-type p53, which per se represses the transcription of the IGF-1R gene, in overexpressed form is necessary for a high IGF-1R expression. In this study, we show that inhibition of p53 causes ubiquitination and down-regulation, through increased degradation, of the IGF-1R in human malignant melanoma cells. This effect, which was independent of the p53 status (i.e., wild type or mutated), was prevented if MDM2 was coinhibited. Similar results were obtained in UV-irradiated human melanocytes (harboring wild-type p53), in which level of the IGF-1R increased after up-regulation of p53. Interestingly, the basal ubiquitination of the IGF-1R in untreated cells also depended on MDM2. We could prove that MDM2 physically associates with IGF-1R and that MDM2 causes IGF-1R ubiquitination in an in vitro assay. Taken together our data provide evidence that MDM2 serves as a ligase in ubiquitination of the IGF-1R and thereby causes its degradation by the Proteasome system. Consequently, by sequestering MDM2 in the cell nuclei, the level of p53 may indirectly influence the expression of IGF-1R. This role of MDM2 and p53 represents an unexpected mechanism for the regulation of IGF-1R and cell growth.