Liver cancer modeling is an experimental process used to study and simulate the occurrence, development, and treatment of liver cancer. Commonly used liver cancer models include chemical induction, gene editing, patient-derived transplant models, patient-derived tumor models, etc. These models may provide a platform to understand liver cancer biology and evaluate potential therapeutic strategies. The chemical induction model induces liver cancer by giving animals carcinogens, and the gene editing model simulates liver cancer mutations by changing key genes. Liver cancer modeling provides an important tool for tumor biology research and drug development.