The role of DOC-2/DAB2 in modulating androgen receptor-mediated cell growth via the nongenomic c-Src-mediated pathway in normal prostatic epithelium and cancer

Prostate Cancer is initially responsive to androgen ablation, but prostate Cancer tumors invariably progress to an androgen-independent state that is ultimately lethal. The onset of the androgen-independent prostate Cancer is often associated with up-regulation of the Androgen Receptor that can cause antagonists to exhibit agonistic activity, which could lead to the failure of androgen ablation therapy. We describe a unique protein-DOC-2/DAB2 (differentially expressed in ovarian cancer-2/disabled 2)-that antagonizes androgen receptor-mediated cell growth in prostate Cancer cells via interaction with c-Src protein. This interaction causes inactivation of ERK and Akt proteins critical for proliferation and survival of prostate Cancer cells. However, DOC-2/DAB2 does not change the capacity of Androgen Receptor to regulate the transcription of androgen-responsive reporter genes, indicating that DOC-2/DAB2 selectively inhibits androgen receptor-mediated cell growth in androgen-independent prostate Cancer by disrupting the Androgen Receptor/c-Src complex. In normal prostatic epithelia, DOC-2/DAB2 protein levels are more abundant than Androgen Receptor protein levels and reduced endogenous DOC-2/DAB2 protein levels in these cells by DOC-2/DAB2 RNA interference result in enhancing androgen receptor-mediated cell growth. We conclude that DOC-2/DAB2 can modulate androgen receptor-mediated cell growth in both normal and malignant prostatic epithelial cells and the outcome of this study could evolve into a new therapeutic strategy of prostate Cancer.