Mammalian Sir2 homolog SIRT7 is an activator of RNA polymerase I transcription

We investigated the role of SIRT7, one of the seven members of the mammalian Sirtuin family. We show that SIRT7 is a widely expressed nucleolar protein that is associated with active rRNA genes (rDNA), where it interacts with RNA polymerase I (Pol I) as well as with histones. Overexpression of SIRT7 increases Pol I-mediated transcription, whereas knockdown of SIRT7 or inhibition of the catalytic activity results in decreased association of Pol I with rDNA and a reduction of Pol I transcription. Depletion of SIRT7 stops cell proliferation and triggers Apoptosis. Our findings suggest that SIRT7 is a positive regulator of Pol I transcription and is required for cell viability in mammals.