2. Academic Validation
  3. Xkr8 phospholipid scrambling complex in apoptotic phosphatidylserine exposure

Xkr8 phospholipid scrambling complex in apoptotic phosphatidylserine exposure

  • Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Aug 23;113(34):9509-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1610403113.
Jun Suzuki 1,  Eiichi Imanishi 1,  Shigekazu Nagata 2
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
  • 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [email protected].
PMID: 27503893 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610403113
Abstract

Xk-related protein (Xkr) 8, a protein carrying 10 transmembrane regions, is essential for scrambling Phospholipids during Apoptosis. Here, we found Xkr8 as a complex with basigin (BSG) or neuroplastin (NPTN), type I membrane proteins in the Ig superfamily. In BSG(-/-)NPTN(-/-) cells, Xkr8 localized intracellularly, and the Apoptosis stimuli failed to expose phosphatidylserine, indicating that BSG and NPTN chaperone Xkr8 to the plasma membrane to execute its scrambling activity. Mutational analyses of BSG showed that the atypical glutamic acid in the transmembrane region is required for BSG's association with Xkr8. In cells exposed to apoptotic signals, Xkr8 was cleaved at the C terminus and the Xkr8/BSG complex formed a higher-order complex, likely to be a heterotetramer consisting of two molecules of Xkr8 and two molecules of BSG or NPTN, suggesting that this cleavage causes the formation of a larger complex of Xkr8-BSG/NPTN for phospholipid scrambling.

Keywords

Xkr8; basigin; chaperone; neuroplastin; phospholipid scramblase.

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