Dual-responsive ultrathin 1T-phase niobium telluride nanosheet-based delivery systems for enhanced chemo-photothermal therapy

1T-phase niobium telluride (NbTe₂) nanosheets are becoming increasingly important in emerging fields, such as spintronics, sensors and magneto-optoelectronics, due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, exploration on their biomedical applications are limited. Herein, ultrathin 1T-phase NbTe₂ single-crystalline nanosheets with excellent photothermal performance, high drug-loading rate, near-infrared (NIR) LIGHT/acidic pH-triggered drug release, and low toxicity were developed for potentiated photothermal therapy. Importantly, they showed excellent biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. NbTe₂ nanosheets loaded with integrated stress response inhibitors (ISRIB) could achieve chemo-photothermal therapy of tumors through the ATF4-ASNS signaling axis. Ultrathin 1T-phase NbTe₂ single-crystalline nanosheets with unique photothermal properties, drug loading rate and safety provide dramatic possibilities in biomedical applications, such as tissue imaging, photothermal therapeutics and pharmaceutics.