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  3. Development of diphenylmethylpiperazine hybrids of chloroquinoline and triazolopyrimidine using Petasis reaction as new cysteine proteases inhibitors for malaria therapeutics

Development of diphenylmethylpiperazine hybrids of chloroquinoline and triazolopyrimidine using Petasis reaction as new cysteine proteases inhibitors for malaria therapeutics

  • Eur J Med Chem. 2023 Oct 5;258:115564. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115564.
Hari Madhav 1,  Tarosh S Patel 2,  Zeba Rizvi 3,  G Srinivas Reddy 3,  Abdur Rahman 4,  Md Ataur Rahman 5,  Saiema Ahmedi 6,  Sadaf Fatima 1,  Kanika Saxena 3,  Nikhat Manzoor 6,  Souvik Bhattacharjee 4,  Bharat C Dixit 2,  Puran Singh Sijwali 7,  Nasimul Hoda 8
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
  • 2 Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India.
  • 3 CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India.
  • 4 Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
  • 5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
  • 6 Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
  • 7 CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India. Electronic address: [email protected].
  • 8 Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 37321109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115564
Abstract

Malaria is a widespread infectious disease, causing nearly 247 million cases in 2021. The absence of a broadly effective vaccine and rapidly decreasing effectiveness of most of the currently used antimalarials are the major challenges to malaria eradication efforts. To design and develop novel antimalarials, we synthesized a series of 4,7-dichloroquinoline and methyltriazolopyrimidine analogues using a multi-component Petasis reaction. The synthesized molecules (11-31) were screened for in-vitro antimalarial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 0.53 μM. The selected compounds were screened to evaluate in-vitro and in-silico Enzyme inhibition efficacy against two cysteine proteases, PfFP2 and PfFP3. The compounds 15 and 17 inhibited PfFP2 with an IC50 = 3.5 and 4.8 μM, respectively and PfFP3 with an IC50 = 4.9 and 4.7 μM, respectively. Compounds 15 and 17 were found equipotent against the Pf3D7 strain with an IC50 value of 0.74 μM, whereas both were displayed IC50 values of 1.05 μM and 1.24 μM for the PfW2 strain, respectively. Investigation of effect of compounds on Parasite development demonstrated that compounds were able to arrest the growth of the parasites at trophozoite stage. The selected compounds were screened for in-vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian lines and human red-blood-cell (RBC), which demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity associated with the molecules. In addition, in silico ADME prediction and physiochemical properties supported the drug-likeness of the synthesized molecules. Thus, the results highlighted the diphenylmethylpiperazine group cast on 4,7-dichloroquinoline and methyltriazolopyrimidine using Petasis reaction may serve as models for the development of new antimalarial agents.

Keywords

4,7-Dichloroquinoline and methyltriazolopyrimidine; Antimalarials; Cytotoxicity; Petasis reaction; PfFP2 and PfFP3 inhibitors.

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