Endothelin-2 (49-69), human TFA  (Synonyms: Endothelin-2 (49-69) (human, canine) TFA; Human endothelin-2 TFA)

Endothelin-2 (49-69), human (TFA) (Endothelin-2 (49-69) (human, canine) (TFA)) is a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide that binds to G-protein-linked transmembrane receptors, ET-RA and ET-RB.

At nanomolar concentrations, Endothelin-2 exhibits a strong and long-lasting vasoconstrictor activity characteristic of endothelin (EC₅₀=0.52 nM)^[1].
Endothelin-2 is a chemoattractant for macrophages and THP-1 monocytic cells, but not for freshly isolated monocytes. The chemotactic response to Endothelin-2 shows a typical bell-shaped response curve. Experiments with endothelin receptor antagonists shows that migration to Endothelin-2 is mediated via the ET-RB receptor. Endothelin-2 expression by tumors may modulate the behavior of macrophages such that activated cells accumulate in areas of hypoxia^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Two distinct phases of pressor effects are typically seen in response to Endothelin-2: the early phase immediately follows the depressor response and dominates during the next 3-10 min, whereas the late pressor effect develops 10-20 min after the injection and lasts >1 hr^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

2660.94

C₁₁₇H₁₆₁N₂₆F₃O₃₄S₄

Solid

White to off-white

Cys-Ser-Cys-Ser-Ser-Trp-Leu-Asp-Lys-Glu-Cys-Val-Tyr-Phe-Cys-His-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp (Disulfide bridge: Cys1-Cys15, Cys3-Cys11)

CSCSSWLDKECVYFCHLDIIW (Disulfide bridge: Cys1-Cys15, Cys3-Cys11)

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Grimshaw MJ, et al. Endothelin-2 is a macrophage chemoattractant: implications for macrophage distribution in tumors. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Sep;32(9):2393-400.  [Content Brief]