2. Academic Validation
  3. The Importance of Thrombin in Cerebral Injury and Disease

The Importance of Thrombin in Cerebral Injury and Disease

  • Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Jan 11;17(1):84. doi: 10.3390/ijms17010084.
Harald Krenzlin 1 2,  Viola Lorenz 3 4,  Sven Danckwardt 5 6 7,  Oliver Kempski 8,  Beat Alessandri 9
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany. [email protected].
  • 2 Clinic for Neurosurgery, HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Clinic (HSK) Wiesbaden, Ludwig-Erhard-Strasse 100, Wiesbaden 65197, Germany. [email protected].
  • 3 Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany. [email protected].
  • 4 Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. [email protected].
  • 5 German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany. [email protected].
  • 6 Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University, Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany. [email protected].
  • 7 Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany. [email protected].
  • 8 Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany. [email protected].
  • 9 Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55101, Germany. [email protected].
PMID: 26761005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010084
Abstract

There is increasing evidence that prothrombin and its active derivative Thrombin are expressed locally in the central nervous system. So far, little is known about the physiological and pathophysiological functions exerted by Thrombin in the human brain. Extra-hepatic prothrombin expression has been identified in neuronal cells and astrocytes via mRNA measurement. The actual amount of brain derived prothrombin is expected to be 1% or less compared to that in the liver. The role in brain injury depends upon its concentration, as higher amounts cause neuroinflammation and Apoptosis, while lower concentrations might even be cytoprotective. Its involvement in numerous diseases like Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia and haemorrhage is becoming increasingly clear. This review focuses on elucidation of the cerebral Thrombin expression, local generation and its role in injury and disease of the central nervous system.

Keywords

Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; cerebral thrombin system; intracerebral haemorrhage; multiple sclerosis; prothrombin; stroke; thrombin.

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