2. Academic Validation
  3. Hypoxia induces mitochondrial protein lactylation to limit oxidative phosphorylation

Hypoxia induces mitochondrial protein lactylation to limit oxidative phosphorylation

  • Cell Res. 2024 Jan 2. doi: 10.1038/s41422-023-00864-6.
Yunzi Mao # 1,  Jiaojiao Zhang # 1,  Qian Zhou # 1,  Xiadi He # 1 2 3,  Zhifang Zheng 1,  Yun Wei 1 2 3,  Kaiqiang Zhou 1,  Yan Lin 1 4 5,  Haowen Yu 1,  Haihui Zhang 1,  Yineng Zhou 1,  Pengcheng Lin 6,  Baixing Wu 7,  Yiyuan Yuan 1 4,  Jianyuan Zhao 1 4,  Wei Xu 8 9 10,  Shimin Zhao 11 12 13
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
  • 2 Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
  • 3 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
  • 4 NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China.
  • 5 Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
  • 6 Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, Qinghai, China.
  • 7 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, RNA Biomedical Institute, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
  • 8 The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
  • 9 NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China. [email protected].
  • 10 Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
  • 11 The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. [email protected].
  • 12 NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China. [email protected].
  • 13 Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, Qinghai, China. [email protected].
  • # Contributed equally.
PMID: 38163844 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00864-6
Abstract

Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) consumes oxygen to produce ATP. However, the mechanism that balances OXPHOS activity and intracellular oxygen availability remains elusive. Here, we report that mitochondrial protein lactylation is induced by intracellular hypoxia to constrain OXPHOS. We show that mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS2) is a protein lysine lactyltransferase, whose proteasomal degradation is enhanced by proline 377 hydroxylation catalyzed by the oxygen-sensing hydroxylase PHD2. Hypoxia induces AARS2 accumulation to lactylate PDHA1 lysine 336 in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) lysine 457/8, inactivating both enzymes and inhibiting OXPHOS by limiting acetyl-CoA influx from pyruvate and fatty acid oxidation, respectively. PDHA1 and CPT2 lactylation can be reversed by SIRT3 to activate OXPHOS. In mouse muscle cells, lactylation is induced by lactate oxidation-induced intracellular hypoxia during exercise to constrain high-intensity endurance running exhaustion time, which can be increased or decreased by decreasing or increasing lactylation levels, respectively. Our results reveal that mitochondrial protein lactylation integrates intracellular hypoxia and lactate signals to regulate OXPHOS.

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