Characteristics of interaction of the antiandrogen flutamide with the androgen receptor in various target tissues

In rat adenohypophysial cells in primary culture, the specific uptake of [3H] testosterone (T) is completely blocked by increasing concentrations of the pure antiandrogen flutamide-OH, the active metabolite of flutamide at an IC50 value of 50 nM while unlabeled T causes a similar inhibition at an IC50 value of 0.5 nM. After 210 min of incubation of 3 nM [3H]T with the anterior pituitary cells, 80% of radioactivity is still present as unchanged T. Direct binding studies show that flutamide-OH and flutamide interact with the rat anterior pituitary Androgen Receptor at Ki values of 55 and 1275 nM, respectively. In rat ventral prostate (cytosolic and nuclear fractions) and cytosol from human prostatic carcinoma, rat uterus and mouse Shionogi mammary carcinoma, the Ki values ranged from 0.1 to 0.47, 0.6 to 2.7, 62 to 205 and 1450 to 7550 nM for dihydrotestosterone, T, flutamide-OH and flutamide, respectively . Since the ability of flutamide-OH to inhibit the uptake of [3H]T in intact adenohypophysial cells and to compete for binding to the adenohypophysial Androgen Receptor shows almost identical values at approximately 1% of the potency of T itself, it is most likely that the antiandrogen activity of flutamide-OH can be completely explained by the ability of the pure antiandrogen to displace androgen from their specific receptor in target tissues. In addition, the finding of similar binding characteristics in a series of other tissues suggests that a similar potency of the antiandrogen can be expected in the other androgen-target tissues.