2. Academic Validation
  3. Cold atmospheric plasma-engineered nanovaccine with spatiotemporal sequential immunization reprograms antitumor immunity

Cold atmospheric plasma-engineered nanovaccine with spatiotemporal sequential immunization reprograms antitumor immunity

  • Sci Adv. 2026 Mar 27;12(13):eaeb5894. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aeb5894.
Shuo Li 1,  Peiyu Wang 2,  Zhenyu Wu 1,  Qianwen Mu 1 2 3,  Renwu Zhou 4,  Nina Liu 1,  Yue Xi 1,  Xiaoyu An 1 2,  Yan Li 2,  Di Sun 1,  Hao Liang 1,  Chenhao Zhang 2,  Qihang Huang 1,  Ziqi Zhuang 2,  Xiaojun Wang 1,  Liqian Zhao 5,  Dingwei Gan 4,  Xiaoyong Wang 2,  Xue Liu 2,  Gang Liu 2 3,  Chao Liu 1 6
Affiliations

Affiliations

  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Molecular Theranostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
  • 4 State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
  • 5 Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.
  • 6 Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
PMID: 41894511 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aeb5894
Abstract

Cancer Immunotherapy remains limited by insufficient antigen presentation and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we present a vaccine strategy based on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-engineered tumor cell-derived immune reprogramming nanovesicles (CAPTURE) that integrates spatiotemporal sequential immunization to potentiate antitumor immunity. CAPTURE is engineered from tumor cells pretreated with CAP, which up-regulates major histocompatibility complex class I expression via p62-mediated Autophagy to promote full-spectrum epitope antigen presentation, and surface-functionalized anti-CD28 (αCD28) on CAPTURE provides costimulatory signals to directly activate T cells through αCD28-CD28, bypassing B7-CTLA-4-mediated T cell inhibition. Under spatiotemporal sequential immunity, CAPTURE exhibits homologous tumor targeting and lymph node accumulation, enhancing antigen presentation for CD8+ T cell activation and tumor immunogenic remodeling. In mouse models, CAPTURE achieved near-complete tumor suppression, driven by amplified cytotoxic T cell responses, increased T cell clonal diversity, and CXCR3-mediated tumor infiltration. This study presents a universal biomimetic nanovaccine strategy that can reshape both T cells' immunity and tumor cells' immunogenicity, induce broad-spectrum immune responses to overcome immune evasion, and offer unique insights and innovative technologies for precision Cancer Immunotherapy.

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