BMP-4
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP-4) is a ligand protein with pleiotropic, belongs to TGFβ family. BMP-4 involves in the vasculature circulation and can activate receptors on vascular cells[1]. BMP/TGFβ signaling to involve in vascular and valvular homeostasis, which is a critical process of embryonic development[2]. The signaling can be terminated by inhibitory SMADs including SMAD6 and SMAD7, which are activated and induced by BMP signaling and switch off BMP signaling via multiple mechanisms[3]. BMP-4 is widely found in different animals, while the sequence in human is highly similar to Rat (96.81%), and mouse (97.54%). BMP-4 is expressed by endothelial cells (ECs) in response to hypoxia and promotes vascular SMC proliferation. Therefore it inhibits the proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated from the proximal pulmonary artery while induces proliferation of SMCs isolated from distal pulmonary arteries[4]. BMP-4 appears to be a marker and driver of vascular calcification, particularly in atherosclerosis[5]. BMP-4 induces angiogenesis, endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation, and migration[6]. BMP-4 is differentially expressed in calcified atherosclerotic plaques[7], serves as the linkers between atherosclerotic vascular calcification with mechanisms of normal bone formation[8]. BMP-4 increases plaque formation via their pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects, promoting oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and osteogenic differentiation[9].
- [1]. Herrera B, et al. A rapid and sensitive bioassay for the simultaneous measurement of multiple bone morphogenetic proteins. Identification and quantification of BMP4, BMP6 and BMP9 in bovine and human serum. BMC Cell Biol. 2009 Mar 19;10:20. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Yang P, et al. The role of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in vascular calcification. Bone. 2020 Dec;141:115542. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Miyazawa K, et al. Regulation of TGF-β Family Signaling by Inhibitory Smads. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 Mar 1;9(3):a022095. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Yang X, et al. Dysfunctional Smad signaling contributes to abnormal smooth muscle cell proliferation in familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ Res. 2005 May 27;96(10):1053-63. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Scimeca M, et al. Plaque calcification is driven by different mechanisms of mineralization associated with specific cardiovascular risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Dec;29(12):1330-1336. [Content Brief]
- [6]. David L, et al. Emerging role of bone morphogenetic proteins in angiogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009 Jun;20(3):203-12. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Dhore CR, et al. Differential expression of bone matrix regulatory proteins in human atherosclerotic plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001 Dec;21(12):1998-2003. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Demer LL, et al. Mechanism of calcification in atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 1994 Jan-Feb;4(1):45-9. [Content Brief]
- [9]. Boström K, et al. Bone morphogenetic protein expression in human atherosclerotic lesions. J Clin Invest. 1993 Apr;91(4):1800-9. [Content Brief]
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BMP-4 Recombinant Proteins (7)
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Recombinant Protein Expression Service
- Codon Optimization
- Gene Synthesis
- Construction of Expression Vector
- Strain Screening
- Protein Expression
- Purification & QC
- Protein Delivery
- Formula: Human
- Molecular Weight: Sf9 insect cells
The EpCAM/TROP1 protein serves as an important homogeneous interacting molecule that promotes direct contact between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the mucosal epithelium. This feature helps establish an immune barrier against mucosal infections. EpCAM/TROP1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived EpCAM/TROP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
