Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.

Diplacone is an orally active geranyl flavanone. It is isolated from the fruits of Paulownia tomentosa. Diplacone reduces COX-2 levels and increases the pro-MMP2/MMP2 ratio. It induces ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Diplacone enhances mitochondrial Ca²⁺ influx and ROS production. It possesses anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging activities. Diplacone can be used in research related to ulcerative colitis and non-small cell lung cancer.

4-Ethoxybenzaldehyde (P-Ethyoxybenzaldehyde) is a derivative of benzaldehyde. 4-Ethoxybenzaldehyde can significantly inhibit the production of key inflammatory factors such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, and IL-8 induced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR). 4-Ethoxybenzaldehyde shows significant efficacy and good safety in reducing facial redness when added to an oil-in-water emulsion at a concentration of 1%. 4-Ethoxybenzaldehyde can be used in the study of chronic inflammatory skin diseases.

3′-Omethyl-5′-hydroxydiplacone (compound 2), an C-6-geranylflavonoid, can be isolated from the ethanol extract of Paulownia tomentosa fruits. 3′-Omethyl-5′-hydroxydiplacone has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

Schizolaenone C is a natural product that can be found in Schizolaena hystrix. Schizolaenone C exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-oxidative activities.

Isoatriplicolide tiglate is a bioactive sesquiterpene lactone. Isoatriplicolide tiglate can be isolated from Paulownia coreana. Isoatriplicolide tiglate has neuroprotective effect.

Bonannione A (6-Geranylnaringenin; Mimulone), a prenylflavonoid, is an orally active and potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 14 µM. Bonannione A triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis. Bonannione A induces autophagy through p53-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway. Bonannione A shows anti-inflammatory, antiradical and anti-cancer activity.