LXR

LXRs (Liver X Receptor α and β) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. LXRs are oxysterol-activated transcription factors that upregulate a suite of genes that together promote coordinated mobilization of excess cholesterol from cells and from the body. The LXRs, like other nuclear receptors, are anti-inflammatory, inhibiting signal-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory genes by nuclear factor-κB, activating protein-1, and other transcription factors.

LXRα is expressed predominately in some tissues, including the liver, kidney, macrophages, and adipose tissue. However, LXRβ is ubiquitously expressed. Activating LXRα (mainly expressed in liver) results in high triglyceride production, and growing evidence suggests that selective LXRβ agonists can reduce this side effect.