NMUR1

Neuromedin U receptor 1 (NMUR1) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor that mediates signaling by the neuropeptide neuromedin U (NMU) and contributes to smooth muscle contraction, immune regulation, and metabolic homeostasis^[1][2]. Mechanistically, NMUR1 activation induces intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization and engages G_q/G₁₁-dependent signaling pathways, establishing NMUR1 as a key transducer of NMU-driven cellular responses^[5][6]. The NMU-NMUR1 axis is also linked to inflammatory regulation and energy balance, and studies of the broader NMU system have implicated this pathway in obesity-related metabolic processes and peripheral tissue physiology^[3][4]. In disease-relevant settings, NMUR1 expression has been detected in immune and peripheral tissues, supporting its use as an experimental model for investigating neuroimmune communication and metabolic regulation^[1][3][7]. Compared with the related isoform NMUR2, which is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, NMUR1 is distributed mainly in peripheral organs, particularly the gastrointestinal, immune, and urogenital systems, indicating distinct physiological functions despite recognition of the same endogenous ligand family^[2][3][7]. For experimental applications, the development of selective NMUR1 agonists has enabled pharmacological separation of NMUR1- and NMUR2-mediated effects, providing valuable tools for dissecting receptor-specific biology and evaluating therapeutic mechanisms in metabolic and inflammatory research^[5][6].