Definition:

Aicardi syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. The main diagnostic features are agenesis of corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms. Along with agenesis of corpus callosum, typical brain abnormalities include polymicrogyria, periventricular and subcortical heterotopia, intracranial cysts, cerebellar abnormalities, and enlarged cisterna magna. Neurological abnormalities include microcephaly, optic nerve coloboma, developmental delay, mental retardation, intractable epilepsy, hypotonia and limb hypertonia with spasticity. The etiology of Aicardi syndrome is still unknown. However, as the disorder is only observed in females and in males with chromosome 47, XXY, it is assumed to be caused by a de novo mutation on the X chromosome and inherited in a dominant manner with lethality in males.