Infantile bilateral striatal necrosis

Infantile bilateral striatal necrosis (IBSN) is a neurological disorder characterized by symmetrical degeneration of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and occasionally the globus pallidus, with little involvement of the rest of the brain. The clinical features of IBSN include developmental regression, choreoathetosis, dystonia, spasticity, dysphagia, failure to thrive, nystagmus, optic atrophy, and mental retardation. The mechanism of IBSN has not been elucidated, although it has been reported that IBSN usually occurs as a result of metabolic, familial, or toxic diseases. Mutations in the adenosine triphosphatase 6 gene (complex V) have been described in families with mitochondrial inheritance, while there is much evidence that supports the role of the mutation in NUP62 as the cause of autosomal recessive IBSN. Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) infection has been reported to associated with this disease.