Dose-dependent effects of the caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh on different apoptosis-related processes

The effects of the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh on Caspase activity, DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, 7A6 exposition, and cellular adhesivity to fibronectin were analyzed in detail in three different apoptotic systems involving two cell lines (JURL-MK1 and HL60) and two Apoptosis inducers (imatinib mesylate and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid). Q-VD-OPh fully inhibited Caspase-3 and -7 activity at 0.05 µM concentration as indicated both by the measurement of the rate of Ac-DEVD-AFC cleavage and anti-caspase immunoblots. Caspase-8 was also inhibited at low Q-VD-OPh concentrations. On the other hand, significantly higher Q-VD-OPh dose (10 µM) was required to fully prevent the cleavage of PARP-1. DNA fragmentation and disruption of the cell membrane functionality (Trypan blue exclusion test) were both prevented at 2 µM Q-VD-OPh while 10 µM inhibitor was needed to inhibit the drug-induced loss of cellular adhesivity to fibronectin which was observed in JURL-MK1 cells. The exposition of the mitochondrial antigen 7A6 occurred independently of Q-VD-OPh addition and may serve to the detection of cumulative incidence of the cells which have initiated the Apoptosis. Our results show that Q-VD-OPh efficiency in the inhibition of Caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation in the whole-cell environment is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of z-VAD-fmk. This difference is not due to a slow permeability of the latter through the cytoplasmic membrane.