Phenamacril is a reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor of Fusarium class I myosin

The cyanoacrylate compound phenamacril (also known as JS399-19) is a recently identified fungicide that exerts its Antifungal effect on susceptible Fusarium species by inhibiting the ATPase activity of their Myosin class I motor domains. Although much is known about the Antifungal spectrum of phenamacril, the exact mechanism behind the phenamacril-mediated inhibition remains to be resolved. Here, we describe the characterization of the effect of phenamacril on purified Myosin motor constructs from the model plant pathogen and phenamacril-susceptible species Fusarium graminearum, phenamacril-resistant Fusarium species, and the mycetozoan model organism Dictyostelium discoideum Our results show that phenamacril potently (IC₅₀ ∼360 nm), reversibly, and noncompetitively inhibits ATP turnover, actin binding during ATP turnover, and motor activity of F. graminearum myosin-1. Phenamacril also inhibits the ATPase activity of Fusarium avenaceum myosin-1 but has little or no inhibitory effect on the motor activity of Fusarium solani myosin-1, human myosin-1c, and D. discoideum Myosin isoforms 1B, 1E, and 2. Our findings indicate that phenamacril is a species-specific, noncompetitive inhibitor of class I Myosin in susceptible Fusarium sp.

ATPase; allosteric regulation; cytoskeleton; fungi; fungicide; inhibition mechanism; inhibitor; motor protein; myosin; phenamacril.